Genetics Flashcards
What is Heredity?
The passing down of traits from parents to offspring
What is Genetics?
The study of how traits are inherited
What is Budding?
A new duplicate plant or animal forms off the side of the parent
What is Asexual Reproduction?
One parent - genetically identical
What is Sexual Reproduction?
Two parents with combined genetics
What is Natural Selection?
Adaptions over time that increase survival
What is Selective Breeding?
It’s a controlled process when you breed two organisms for the desired traits
Who’s known as the Father of Genetics?
Gregor Mendall
Who is Charles Darwin known as? What theory is he famous for?
- The theory of Natural Selection
- He studied the finches’ beaks
What is the difference between Natural Selection and Selective breeding?
Natural selection happens in nature and selective breeding is a controlled process.
Describe why the Finches Darwin observed had different beaks on different islands even though they are the same species.
Their food sources changed so their beaks changed to increase survival
What’s an example of Natural Selection?
The Finches’ beaks changing over time
What’s an example of Selective Breeding?
Dog breeding
What’s the relationship between parent and offspring DNA (Asexual Reproduction)
Identical (the exact same DNA)
What’s the relationship between parent and offspring DNA (Sexual Reproduction)
A variation
An advantage (Asexual Reproduction)
Only needs one parent
An advantage (Sexual Reproduction)
Variation of genes (multiple options for traits)
A disadvantage (Asexual Reproduction)
Identical genes
A disadvantage (Sexual Reproduction)
Takes 2 parents and a long time
What are the two types of asexual reproduction (Describe Each)
Budding - Offspring growing of the parent (ex: flower budding)
Fission - Cell Divison (ex: bacteria)
How many chromosomes do humans get from each parent cell?
23 - sperm
= 46 chromosomes in humans (each get 23)
23 - egg
In total, how many chromosomes do humans have?
46
What is Alleles?
The different options a single gene has for a trait
What is Genotype?
The allele pairs that an organism has inherited (the two letters)
What’s Homozygous?
has two identical letters for a specific trait (2 dominant alleles or 2 recessive alleles) RR or rr
What’s Heterozygous?
Has two different letters for a specific trait ( 1 dominant and 1 recessive allele) Rr
What’s phenotype?
The way an organism looks or behaves the physical traits
Is a Dominant allele a capital letter? True or False
True
Is a Reccesive allele a lowercase letter? True or False
True
What are the two types of traits in genetics?
Dominant and Reccesive
What’s DNA?
a molecule containing hereditary material that codes an organism’s traits and characteristics.
