Genetics Flashcards
What is the nucleus?
membrane bound control center of
cell containing X-shaped structures called
chromosomes. Each chromosome consists
of two chromatids held together by a
centromere.
What is a chromosome?
X-shaped structure
consisting of a single DNA molecule.
What is a DNA molecule?
consisting of genes, the
“code of life”
What is a organism?
½ genes mom + ½ genes dad
What is interphase?
chromosomes can not be seen;
doubling of chromosomes; nuclear membrane
present; 99% of cell life.
What is prophase?
spindle fibers form; chromosomes seen
(randomly arranged).
What is metaphase?
chromosomes line up in the Middle,
no nuclear membrane.
What is anaphase?
chromosomes move Apart (Away)
What is telophase?
chromosomes move Apart (Away)
What is cytokinesis
Two separated daughter cells form.
What is mitosis?
growth (embryo, fetus, infancy → adulthood) and
repair/maintanence of an organism
What is asexual reproduction?
simple life
1 parent / 2 daughter cells
parent/daughter cells identical appearance
(genes)
parent/daughter cell same number of
chromosomes
What is meiosis?
Sperm and egg
What is sexual reproduction?
Two parents (male, female)
daughter cells are a mixture/combination of
genes compared to parent cell (by crossover)
parent to daughter cell different number
of chromosomes
Parent 2x chromosomes compared to
daughter cells
Daughter half (½) chromosomes
compared to parent cell
What is cancer?
abnormal cell division; uncontrolled
mitosis; certain DNA mutations cause cells to
divide in an uncontrolled way.
What is the cause to cancer?
Mutations are caused by:
1] Chemicals (carcinogens; ex: smoking,
gasoline, alcohol, fried foods)
2] Radiation (high dose; atomic bomb, nuclear
reactor meltdown Chernobyl (for Simon),
Ukraine)
3] Hereditary (ex: breast cancer)
What are the treatments to cancer?
surgery, radiation, drugs,
immunotherapy.
How is cancer prevented?
surgery, radiation, drugs,
immunotherapy.
Why is immunotherapy better than chemotherapy?
Immunotherapy trains the body´s natural Immune system while Chemotherapy adds poison to the body and kills healthy and cancerous cells resulting in the patient eventually dying
What is a gene?
What is a allele?
What is a purebred mean?
What is a hybrid
