Genetics

Question 2

What is the nucleus?

Answer 2

membrane bound control center of
cell containing X-shaped structures called
chromosomes. Each chromosome consists
of two chromatids held together by a
centromere.

Question 3

What is a chromosome?

Answer 3

X-shaped structure
consisting of a single DNA molecule.

Question 4

What is a DNA molecule?

Answer 4

consisting of genes, the
“code of life”

Question 5

What is a organism?

Answer 5

½ genes mom + ½ genes dad

Question 6

What is interphase?

Answer 6

chromosomes can not be seen;
doubling of chromosomes; nuclear membrane
present; 99% of cell life.

Question 7

What is prophase?

Answer 7

spindle fibers form; chromosomes seen
(randomly arranged).

Question 8

What is metaphase?

Answer 8

chromosomes line up in the Middle,
no nuclear membrane.

Question 9

What is anaphase?

Answer 9

chromosomes move Apart (Away)

Question 10

What is telophase?

Answer 10

chromosomes move Apart (Away)

Question 11

What is cytokinesis

Answer 11

Two separated daughter cells form.

Question 12

What is mitosis?

Answer 12

growth (embryo, fetus, infancy → adulthood) and
repair/maintanence of an organism

Question 13

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 13

simple life

1 parent / 2 daughter cells

parent/daughter cells identical appearance
(genes)

parent/daughter cell same number of
chromosomes

Question 14

What is meiosis?

Answer 14

Sperm and egg

Question 15

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 15

Two parents (male, female)

daughter cells are a mixture/combination of
genes compared to parent cell (by crossover)

parent to daughter cell different number
of chromosomes

Parent 2x chromosomes compared to
daughter cells

Daughter half (½) chromosomes
compared to parent cell

Question 16

What is cancer?

Answer 16

abnormal cell division; uncontrolled
mitosis; certain DNA mutations cause cells to
divide in an uncontrolled way.

Question 17

What is the cause to cancer?

Answer 17

Mutations are caused by:

1] Chemicals (carcinogens; ex: smoking,
gasoline, alcohol, fried foods)

2] Radiation (high dose; atomic bomb, nuclear
reactor meltdown Chernobyl (for Simon),
Ukraine)

3] Hereditary (ex: breast cancer)

Question 18

What are the treatments to cancer?

Answer 18

surgery, radiation, drugs,
immunotherapy.

Question 19

How is cancer prevented?

Answer 19

surgery, radiation, drugs,
immunotherapy.

Question 20

Why is immunotherapy better than chemotherapy?

Answer 20

Immunotherapy trains the body´s natural Immune system while Chemotherapy adds poison to the body and kills healthy and cancerous cells resulting in the patient eventually dying

Question 21

What is a gene?

Question 22

What is a allele?

Question 23

What is a purebred mean?

Question 24

What is a hybrid