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Science 7 > Body Systems (SMSDFE) > Flashcards

Body Systems (SMSDFE) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the Skeletal Functions?

A

shape & support, move (locomotion), protect organs, produce blood cell, store minerals

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2
Q

What is the Vertebral Column?

A

backbone

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3
Q

What is the vertebrae?

A

disc-like small bones separated
by cartilage

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4
Q

What are joints?

A

where two bones come together;
allows bones to move in different ways

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5
Q

What are ligaments?

A

tissue holding joints together;

bone to bone

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6
Q

What is cartilage?

A

cushion

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7
Q

What is the hinge joint?

A

Hinge joint: forward/backward; ex: knee,
elbow

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8
Q

What is the ball and socket joint?

A

free movement; ex:
shoulder, hip

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9
Q

What is the pivot joint?

A

side to side rotation; ex: neck

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10
Q

What is the gliding joint?

A

sliding motion; ex: wrist,
ankle

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11
Q

What is the Compact Bone?

A

hard, dense;
carrying blood vessels and nerves

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12
Q

What is the Spongy Bone?

A

holes (porous);
lightweight but strong

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13
Q

What is Marrow?

A

soft tissue inside bone

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14
Q

What are Involuntary Muscles?

A

not under conscious control

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15
Q

What are Voluntary Muscles?

A

under conscious control

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16
Q

What does striated mean?

A

muscles with lines

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17
Q

What does nonstriated mean?

A

muscles without lines

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18
Q

What are the 3 types of muscles?

A

Cardiac muscles, Smooth muscles, Skeletal muscles

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19
Q

Why do muscles work in pairs?

A

Muscle cells can only contract (they can not extend or expand).One muscle contracts, the other muscle
relaxes

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20
Q

What are the Skin Functions?

A

Covers and protects from injury, infection,
water loss

Regulates body temperature

Removes waste (perspiration)

Collects environmental information

Produces Vitamin D

21
Q

What does the skin consist of?

A

epidermis – outer layer

dermis – inner layer

22
Q

What are the Epidermis Fuctions?

A

protects, cushions, carries away
bacteria, produces melanin.

23
Q

What is Melanin?

A

skin (color) pigment which protects
against burning

24
Q

What are sweat glands?

A

produce perspiration

25
Q

What are oil glands?

A

waterproof hair and keeps skin
moist

26
Q

What are hair follicles?

A

site of hair growth

27
Q

What are the Digestion System functions?

A
  1. breakdown food into nutrient
    molecules
  2. absorption of nutrient molecules
28
Q

What is absorption?

A

nutrient molecules pass through wall of
small intestine into bloodstream

29
Q

What is digestion?

A

breakdown food into nutrient
molecules.

30
Q

What are the 2 types of digestion?

A

Mechanical Digestion: physical breakdown by
chewing (mouth) and churning (stomach)

Chemical Digestion: chemicals (enzymes,
acids) breakdown food. Example: enzymes in
mouth breakdown starch into sugars, acids in
stomach breakdown proteins

31
Q

What is the mouth functions?

A

digestion begins; saliva contains
water, DNA, enzymes (which breaks down
starches). Teeth physically breaks down food.

32
Q

What are enzymes?

A

protein that speed up chemical
reactions

33
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

muscular tube connecting
mouth to stomach.

34
Q

What is the epiglotis?

A

flap (sheet) of tissue which
seals off trachea (windpipe) to lungs.

35
Q

What is peristalis?

A

involuntary muscular
contractions that push food toward
stomach and through intestines.

36
Q

What is the stomach functions?

A

holds/stores food; where protein
breakdown begins:mostly mechanical digestion (churning) but some chemical digestion (acids, enzymes)
occurs.

37
Q

What is digestive juice?

A

HCL acid and pepsin

38
Q

What is pepsin?

A

enzyme that breaks down protein.

39
Q

What is HCL acid?

A

chemical that breaks down solid
food into paste (chyme); kills bacteria

40
Q

What is Mucus?

A

covers stomach wall which
protects stomach against ulcers (= holes in
stomach wall)

41
Q

What is the small intestine?

A

most chemical
digestion and absorption

42
Q

What is the liver?

A

most chemical
digestion and absorption

43
Q

What is bile?

A

stored in gallbladder (below liver);

like a “dish detergent” . . . physically
breaks down large fat particles into small
fat particles.

44
Q

What is the pancreas?

A

produces enzymes which
enter small intestine and chemically breaks down
fats, proteins and complex carbohydrates (starch).

45
Q

What is the large intestine?

A

contains good bacteria that produces Vitamin K
(clots blood)

46
Q

What is the rectum?

A

stores undigested solid waste

47
Q

What is the anus?

A

muscular opening at end of rectum

48
Q
A

Science 7 (7 decks)

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