Genetics Flashcards
Endosymbiont Theory
PROKARYOKES swallowed other prokaryotes such as (mitochondria and chloroplast) or some of the organelles in today’s eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes.
What is a Prokaryotic cell?
A prokaryotic cell that has no nucleus. (no membrane-bound organelles)
What is a Eukaryotic cell?
A eukaryotic cell is a cell that has nucleus. (membrane-bound organelles)
What do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
Both have, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and genetic material.
Fossil Record:
can tell us how certain traits evolved in certain organisms.
DNA/Protein Patterns shows:
the genetic code for proteins shows that all life once shared a common ancestor.
How can you use a fossil record to “prove” evolution to be true?
You can look at the recent changes and see when they evolved.
What two things can DNA/protein comparisons tell you about evolution?
DNA and the genetic code reflect the shared ancestry of life. DNA comparisons can show how related species are.
What can biogeography tell us about evolution?
The global distribution of organisms and the unique features of island species reflect evolution and geological change.
When Darwin studied birds, he noticed that birds on certain islands had traits suited to that island’s environment, but also a ton of traits that were the same as some of the birds on the normal land. What does this indicate?
It indicated where the birds came from.
morphology
a branch of biology that deals with the form and structure of animals and plants
the form and structure of an organism or any of its parts
How closely they was related (same as DNA sequence)
Organisms that share similar physical features and genetic sequences tend to be more closely related than those that do not. Features that overlap both morphologically and genetically are referred to as (homologous structures) the similarities stem from common evolutionary paths.
homologous structures:
If two or more species share a unique physical feature, such as a complex bone structure or a body plan, they may all have inherited this feature from a common ancestor. Physical features shared due to evolutionary history (a common ancestor) are said to be homologous.
What can embryology teach us about evolution? Explain.
It shows how different speices were similar or different as embryos
Some homologous structures can be seen only in embryos.
TRUE