Genetics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Endosymbiont Theory

A

PROKARYOKES swallowed other prokaryotes such as (mitochondria and chloroplast) or some of the organelles in today’s eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Prokaryotic cell?

A

A prokaryotic cell that has no nucleus. (no membrane-bound organelles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

A

A eukaryotic cell is a cell that has nucleus. (membrane-bound organelles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?

A

Both have, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and genetic material.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fossil Record:

A

can tell us how certain traits evolved in certain organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DNA/Protein Patterns shows:

A

the genetic code for proteins shows that all life once shared a common ancestor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can you use a fossil record to “prove” evolution to be true?

A

You can look at the recent changes and see when they evolved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What two things can DNA/protein comparisons tell you about evolution?

A

DNA and the genetic code reflect the shared ancestry of life. DNA comparisons can show how related species are.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can biogeography tell us about evolution?

A

The global distribution of organisms and the unique features of island species reflect evolution and geological change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When Darwin studied birds, he noticed that birds on certain islands had traits suited to that island’s environment, but also a ton of traits that were the same as some of the birds on the normal land. What does this indicate?

A

It indicated where the birds came from.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

morphology

A

a branch of biology that deals with the form and structure of animals and plants
the form and structure of an organism or any of its parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How closely they was related (same as DNA sequence)

A

Organisms that share similar physical features and genetic sequences tend to be more closely related than those that do not. Features that overlap both morphologically and genetically are referred to as (homologous structures) the similarities stem from common evolutionary paths.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

homologous structures:

A

If two or more species share a unique physical feature, such as a complex bone structure or a body plan, they may all have inherited this feature from a common ancestor. Physical features shared due to evolutionary history (a common ancestor) are said to be homologous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can embryology teach us about evolution? Explain.

A

It shows how different speices were similar or different as embryos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Some homologous structures can be seen only in embryos.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What would you expect to see in our embryology?

A

similarities and differences

17
Q

What are homologous structures? How do you know

A

Same bones, different functions

Related.

18
Q

What are analogous structures?

A

Same function, different functions

No related

(Analogous structure are the opposite if homologues)

19
Q

Explain what homologous structures tell us about evolution.

A

Structures that are related (shows we have common ancestors)

20
Q

Vestigial structures:

A

are structures we don’t need anymore.

21
Q

Explain what vestigial structures tell us about evolution.

A

It’s shows what we used to be but don’t need any more showing evolved)

22
Q

Two homologous structures are a human arm and a cat arm – they are made with the same bones. What does this tell you about evolution?

A

How related which means they had a common ancestors.

23
Q

The coccyx (tailbone) is a good example of a vestigial structure. What does this tell you about human evolution?

A

Our common ancestor that we were related to used have tails.

24
Q

what can embryology show us evolution?

A

Shows the comparison of embryos and shows how similar they are or different.

25
Q

When the theory of evolution was proposed, it was met with a lot of hatred and criticism. Why?

A

Religious and uneducated people

26
Q

Endosymbiont Theory

A

The organelles in eukaryotic cell used to be their own cell until they were eaten by other prokaryotic

27
Q

Fossil Record:

A

can tell us how certain traits evolved in certain organism’s

28
Q
  1. What can DNA/protein sequence tell you about evolution? Explain.
A

It can tell you that the less differences they had and how similar the DNA is.