CFA NEED 2 KNOW Flashcards
What’s Transcription process?
Transcription is the process of producing a strand of mRNA from a strand of DNA
What’s Translation process?
Translation is the process through which information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) directs the addition of amino acids during protein synthesis.
How do we get to DNA to an actual model protein?
Transcription & Translation
What’s the location of Transcription occurs?
nucleus
What’s DNA role in Transcription?
To make a complimentary copy of strand of itself.
What’s mRNA’s role in Transcription?
mRNA is to carry the protein information to the cytoplasm.
What’s the location of Translation?
Cytoplasm
What is codon and their roles?
The codon roles are to code for a specific amino acids to create a protein.
What are anticodons and their role?
The anti-codon allows the tRNA to bring the correct amino acids in a line with an mRNA.
What’s mRNA role in translation?
Carry protein information
The role of mRNA in translation is to carry protein information from the DNA in a cell’s nucleus to the cell’s cytoplasm.
What’s tRNA role in Translation?
carry amino acids to the ribosome and match them with the codons in the mRNA strand.
What’s rRNA role in Translation?
rRNA role is to read and match the codons with tRNA anti-codons that codes for the amino acids that create a protein.
What’s the Amino Acids role in Translation?
To Code for the Proteins
What does mRNA stand for?
Messager RNA
What does tRNA stand for?
tranferr RNA
What does rRNA stand for?
ribosomes RNA
In a strand of RNA, the A’s will become..
U’s
What’s the anticodon from tRNA.
The complementary condon
Process of Natural selection
The process of who dies and who lives (Survival of the fittest)
How do species have mutations are genetic variation?
Its random, Organisms have random mutation and genetic variation because of sexual reproduction.
Are all mutations and genetic variation good?
Some mutations are good, some do nothing, and some are bad (all random)
Do species adapt to the environment to change?
No, they don’t “adapt” because it’s not optional for them. However, a random mutation by accident.
What are environmental factors?
Environmental Factors are the factors that determine what traits will survive or die off.
Can environment factors change?
Yes, environmental factors can change randomly.
A specie with genetic variation or without are most likely to survive?
A species with genetic variation is most likely to survive because the different traits might help them survive.
What is genetic drift?
Genetic Drift is a change in allele frequencies that is due to random chance.
How does genetic drift happens?
It happens randomly
Are genetic and Natural selection the same thing?
No, the different between is that natural selection isn’t due to a chance its due to better traits surviving.
What type of Genetic Drifts are they?
- Bottleneck Effect
- Founder Effect
What is bottleneck effect of genetic drift?
A population drastically dies out due to something (for a least one generation) some alleles die out some survive, the surviving continues to grow. ALL RANDOM
What is founder effect in genetic drift?
small part of population breaks off, moves away, and establish its own population. which alleles that move away its completely random. Which it results in a new population of species
What is speciation?
speciation is the process of species becoming a different species or when an organism branches off and becomes another species.
What is the reason for genetic drift?
reproductive isolation
What are the 3 reproductive isolations?
- behavioral
- temporal
- Habitat
What is behavioral in reproduction isolation?
Behavioral reproduction isolation is species not mating because of differences in behaviors
What is temporal isolation?
When species don’t mate due to differences in timing
What is habitat isolation?
When species dont mate due to bring in different habitats
What’s Endosymbiont Theory?
The organelles in eukaryotic cell used to be their own cell until they were eaten by other prokaryotic.
What three reason that prove the theory of endosymbiont is correct.
- Both have cell membrane
- Have DNA/genetics
- asexual reproduction
New traits are always caused by …
Mutation
If genes have variation there are two ways for allele frequencies/number (the amount of the trait) to be to decrease or increase
Natural selection (alleles change based on survival)
AND genetic drift
Alleles in other words are…
Mutations just causes the traits (TRUE or FALSE)
TRUE
Natural Selection is…
alleles/traits changing based on advantage or disadvantage. This is a selection.
