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Biology > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Causes of variation

A

caused by many genes

have several alleles

phenotype is a result of different alleles

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2
Q

Genetics diagrams

A

contains two alleles for one square

both parent plants are heterozygous

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3
Q

Genetic diagrams

A

parent’s phenotype

parent’s genotype

gametes

possible offspring

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4
Q

Sex chromosomes

A

controlled by pair of sex chromosomes

Genotype XX produces female phenotype

Genotype XY produces the male phenotype

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5
Q

Sex determination

A

the sex of humans is determined at fertilisation and can be expressed using genetic diagrams

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6
Q

Family pedigree

A

you can use a family pedigree to show the inheritance of a genetic condition within a family

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7
Q

Pedigree analysis

A

can be used to study the inheritance of dominant and recessive alleles

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8
Q

Punnett square

A

is a different way of showing the same information about how a genotype is inherited

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9
Q

Genetics diagrams

A

contains two alleles for one square

both parent plants are heterozygous

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10
Q

Monohybrid inheritance

A

can be explained using genetic diagrams and Punnett squares

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11
Q

Genotype

A

shows the alleles in the individual

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12
Q

zygote

A

inherits different alleles

produces variation in inherited characteristics

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13
Q

Inside a cell

A

when gametes fuse at fertilisation, they form a zygote

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14
Q

DNA can be extracted from a fruit by

A

grinding a fruit with sand

adding a detergent

adding ice-cold alcohol so that DNA replicates

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15
Q

DNA structure

A

is a polymer made of many monomers called nucleotides

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16
Q

DNA in the cell

A

nucleus contains chromosomes

chromosomes consists of a string of genes

gene is a short of piece of DNA

17
Q

DNA

A

is the genetical material found in the chromosomes in the nuclei of the cells

18
Q

Differences between mitosis and Meiosis

A

meiosis produces four daughter cells, mitosis only produces two

Meiosis produces genetically, mitosis produces identically

19
Q

Meiosis

A

is a type of cell division that produces four daughter cells

only happens in gamete-producing cells

Biology (7 decks)

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