Exchange and transport in animals Flashcards
Structure and function of the Heart:
Pulmonary artery- carries deoxygenated blood
Aorta- carries out oxygenated blood
right atrium
left atrium
The heart
Heart pumps blood around the body
heart and blood vessels make up the circulatory system
Arteries
Space where blood flows
thick wall of muscle and elastic fibres
artery (cross-section)
Veins
large space for blood to flow easily
thinner wall than the artery
valves to stop blood from flowing backwards
Blood vessels:
Three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries
Platelets
Platelets are fragments of larger cells
They have no nucleus
Their function is to cause blood to clot without any damaged vessels
White blood cells
Larger than red blood cells
They also have a nucleus
All white blood cells are part of the immune system
Blood function:
It carries out the blood cells through the blood vessels
Contains many dissolved substances, such as carbon dioxide and glucose
Blood
Blood is made out of four parts: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
In the Lungs:
Oxygen diffuses from air to blood
carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air
Alveoli
Alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by diffusion between air in the lungs and blood in Capillaries
Adaptations for exchange
Special organs are adapted to make exchange efficient
More complex organisms
As organisms get bigger, their surface area to volume ratio gets bigger
This means complex organisms cannot rely on diffusion
Substance, Site of exchange, reason for exchange
Substance- Oxygen, Site of exchange- alveoli in lungs- reason for exchange- needed for respiration
Substance- Carbon dioxide- Site of exchange- alveoli in lungs- reason for exchange- Waste product
Substance- Water- Site of exchange- Nephrons in Kidney- reason for exchange- needed for cell function
