Genetics Flashcards
Mitosis = ?
the divsion of the parent cell into two genticslly indentical daughter cells
Why do cells replicate their DNA?
To produce 2 identical daughter cells
Why do cells divide?
- New cells are needed for growth and repair
- New cells must have the same genetic information as the original so they can do the same job.
Where is genetic information found?
Nucleus
Meiosis = ?
Cell division which produces 4 non identical haploid sex cells or gametes.
What are the adaptations of a sperm cell?
- acrosome
- nucleus
-long tail - many mitochondria
What are the adaptations of an egg cell?
Jelly layer
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
DNA = ?
a chemical which is packaged into long molecules called chromosomes.
Gene = ?
Small section of DNA which controls something.
Polymer = ?
Long molecule made up of many repeating subunits.
What does a sequence of 3 bases code for?
A particular amino acid
What is the slight difference in genes caused by ?
Orders of bases
Extraction buffer = ?
Breaks open cell by dissolving cell membrane
Chilled ethanol = ?
Causes DNA to precipitate out because DNA is insoluble in ethanol
What 2 factors causes variation within organisms?
Genetics
Environment
2 forms of environmental factors = ?
Non living
Living
Nature vs nurture
Nature = genetic
Nurture = environmental
Allele = ?
Different forms of a gene
Dominant allele = ?
Only present on one of your chromosomes
Recessive = ?
Controls the characteristic which needs to be present on both chromosomes.
Heterozygous
Carry two different alleles
Homozygous
Carry two copies of the same allele
Phenotype
Observable characteristics resulting from genotype
Genotype
Responsible for a particular characteristic
Monohybrid inheritance
Study of how the alleles of just one gene are passed from parents to offspring
