Autumn Yr10 Pe Flashcards
What are the 7 functions of the skeletal system?
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Structural shape
- Points for attachment
- Mineral storage
- Blood cell production
What are the 3 types of bones?
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
What are the 3 types of joints?
- Synovial (freely moveable)
- Cartilaginous (partially moveable)
- Fibrous (immovable)
What is a joint?
Where two or more bones are attached to allow movement.
What does a ligament do?
Join bone to bone.
What does a tendon do?
Join muscle to bone
What is synovial fluid?
Lubricates joint and reduces friction.
Hinge Joint = ?
Where 2 or more bones come together and only can move in 2 directions.
Ball and socket = ?
The head of a long bone is shaped like a ball and fits in the socket of a flat bone.
What are the 8 movements that can occur at a joint?
- Flexion
- Extension
- Plantar flexion
- Dorsi flexion
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Rotation
- Circumduction
What is an antagonistic muscle action?
When one muscle contracts and pulls, its partner relaxes. They swap actions to reverse the movement.
What’s an agonist?
The muscle which contracts to create movement.
What’s an antagonist?
The muscle that relaxes.
What’s the definition of stroke volume?
Volume of blood leaving the heart in one contraction.
What is the definition of heart rate?
Number of times the heart contracts in one minute.
What is diastole?
When the heart relaxes and the chambers fill with blood.
What is systole?
When the heart contracts and pumps blood out.
What’s the equation for maximum heart rate?
220 - age
What is vasoconstriction?
Narrowing of the lumen to decrease blood flow. This stops blood going to inactive areas during exercise.
What is vasodilation?
Widening of the lumen to increase blood flow. This increases blood flow to muscles during exercise.
What is the role of the arteries?
To carry blood away from the heart.
What is the role of the veins?
To carry blood back to the heart.
What’s the role of the capillaries?
To allow diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and muscles.
What are the features of the alveoli?
- Large surface area
- Walls are 1 cell thick
- Each alveoli is surrounded by capillaries
Inhalation at rest?
Intercostal muscles contract to pull the ribs up. The diaphragm contracts and flattens. This makes the chest cavity larger. Air pressure decreases and air is sucked into the lungs.
Exhalation at rest?
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax forming a dome shape. This makes the chest cavity smaller. This increases air pressure. Air is forced out.
What is anticipatory rise?
Increase in heart rate because of the expectation of exercise.
What is cardiac output?
Volume of blood leaving the heart in one minute
