Autumn Yr10 Pe

Question 1

What are the 7 functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Structural shape
5. Points for attachment
6. Mineral storage
7. Blood cell production

Question 1

What are the 3 types of bones?

Answer 1

1. Long bones
2. Short bones
3. Flat bones

Question 2

What are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 2

1. Synovial (freely moveable)
2. Cartilaginous (partially moveable)
3. Fibrous (immovable)

Question 3

What is a joint?

Answer 3

Where two or more bones are attached to allow movement.

Question 4

What does a ligament do?

Answer 4

Join bone to bone.

Question 5

What does a tendon do?

Answer 5

Join muscle to bone

Question 6

What is synovial fluid?

Answer 6

Lubricates joint and reduces friction.

Question 7

Hinge Joint = ?

Answer 7

Where 2 or more bones come together and only can move in 2 directions.

Question 8

Ball and socket = ?

Answer 8

The head of a long bone is shaped like a ball and fits in the socket of a flat bone.

Question 9

What are the 8 movements that can occur at a joint?

Answer 9

1. Flexion
2. Extension
3. Plantar flexion
4. Dorsi flexion
5. Abduction
6. Adduction
7. Rotation
8. Circumduction

Question 10

What is an antagonistic muscle action?

Answer 10

When one muscle contracts and pulls, its partner relaxes. They swap actions to reverse the movement.

Question 11

What’s an agonist?

Answer 11

The muscle which contracts to create movement.

Question 12

What’s an antagonist?

Answer 12

The muscle that relaxes.

Question 13

What’s the definition of stroke volume?

Answer 13

Volume of blood leaving the heart in one contraction.

Question 14

What is the definition of heart rate?

Answer 14

Number of times the heart contracts in one minute.

Question 15

What is diastole?

Answer 15

When the heart relaxes and the chambers fill with blood.

Question 16

What is systole?

Answer 16

When the heart contracts and pumps blood out.

Question 17

What’s the equation for maximum heart rate?

Answer 17

220 - age

Question 18

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 18

Narrowing of the lumen to decrease blood flow. This stops blood going to inactive areas during exercise.

Question 19

What is vasodilation?

Answer 19

Widening of the lumen to increase blood flow. This increases blood flow to muscles during exercise.

Question 20

What is the role of the arteries?

Answer 20

To carry blood away from the heart.

Question 21

What is the role of the veins?

Answer 21

To carry blood back to the heart.

Question 22

What’s the role of the capillaries?

Answer 22

To allow diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and muscles.

Question 23

What are the features of the alveoli?

Answer 23

1. Large surface area
2. Walls are 1 cell thick
3. Each alveoli is surrounded by capillaries

Question 24

Inhalation at rest?

Answer 24

Intercostal muscles contract to pull the ribs up. The diaphragm contracts and flattens. This makes the chest cavity larger. Air pressure decreases and air is sucked into the lungs.

Question 25

Exhalation at rest?

Answer 25

Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax forming a dome shape. This makes the chest cavity smaller. This increases air pressure. Air is forced out.

Question 26

What is anticipatory rise?

Answer 26

Increase in heart rate because of the expectation of exercise.

Question 27

What is cardiac output?

Answer 27

Volume of blood leaving the heart in one minute