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Biology > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Somatic Cells

A

normal body cells

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2
Q

Gametes

A

sex cells

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3
Q

Autosomes

A

chromosomes that contain not related to sex

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4
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

chromosomes that contsin genes related to sex

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5
Q

Homologus Chromosomes

A

chromosomes that share the same gene but different alleles

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6
Q

Sister Chromatids

A

Halves of a duplicated chromosome

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7
Q

Diploid

A

Full set of chromosomes (normal body cells)

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8
Q

Haploid

A

Half of full set of chromosomes (sex cells)

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9
Q

Meiosis

A

replication of sex cells

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10
Q

Meiosis 1

A

first part of meiosis which produces two haploid cells

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11
Q

Meiosis 2

A

final part of meiosis which produces four haploid cells

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12
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

result of meiosis that produces 4 sperm cells

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13
Q

Oogenesis

A

result of meiosis that produces 1 egg and 3 polar body

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14
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

Father of Genetics

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15
Q

Law of Dominance

A

hybrid offspring will only inherit the dominant trait in the phenotype

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16
Q

Law of Segregation

A

during the production of gametes, two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent

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17
Q

Law of Independant Assortment

A

that a pair of traits segregate independantly of another pair during gamete formation

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18
Q

Homozygous Dominant

A

having two dominant genes

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19
Q

Homozygous Recessive

A

having to recessive genes

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20
Q

Herterzygous

A

having one recessive and one dominant gene

21
Q

Hereditary

A

inherited traits from your parents

22
Q

Gene

A

segment of DNA that codes for a protein

23
Q

Allele

A

different variations of a gene

24
Q

Dominant Gene

A

gene that overshadows the other

25
Q

Recessive Gene

A

gene that is overshadowed by the other

26
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of DNA in a organism

27
Q

Phenotype

A

the physical expression of a genotype

28
Q

Genotype

A

which gene you have

29
Q

Truebreeding

A

when plants self pollinate, all their offspring are the same variety

30
Q

Hybridization

A

mating or crossing of two varieties

31
Q

Hybrid

A

offspring of cross between two varieties

32
Q

Monohybrid

A

cross between organisms for one trait

33
Q

Dihybrid

A

cross between organisms which are identical hybrids for two traits

34
Q

P generation

A

true breeding parents

35
Q

F1 generation

A

(first filial) hybrid offspring of the P generation

36
Q

F2 generation

A

(second filial) offspring from the self fertilization of the F1 hybrids

37
Q

Prophase 1

A

homologous chromosomes pair up crossing over occurs

38
Q

Metaphase 1

A

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

39
Q

Anaphase 1

A

entire chromosome sets pulled to poles

40
Q

Telophase 1

A

cells split to form 2 daughter cells

41
Q

Prophase 2

A

DNA condenses and nuclear membrane dissolves

42
Q

Metaphase 2

A

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

43
Q

Anaphase 2

A

chromatids are pulled apart at the centromeres

44
Q

Telophase 2

A

both cells split into 4 cells spermatogenesis oogenesis

45
Q

Sex Linked Inheritance

A

gene carried on one of the sex chromosomes

46
Q

Carriers

A

females that carry only one defective X chromosomes

47
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

results in the blending of traits

48
Q

CoDominance

A

result in both traits being equally expressed

49
Q

Karotype

A

magnified display of someone’s chromosomes

Biology (7 decks)

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