Genetics

Question 1

What are the components of a nucleotide?

Answer 1

Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, 1+ phosphate groups

Question 2

In nucleotides, which carbon is bonded to the nitrogenous base and which to the phosphate group?

Answer 2

Carbon 1 to nitrogenous base; carbon 5 to phosphate group

Question 3

Which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines?

Answer 3

Cytosine, thymine, (uracil)

Question 4

Which nitrogenous bases are purines?

Answer 4

Adenine, guanine

Question 5

Is RNA double or single-stranded?

Answer 5

Single-stranded

Question 6

What type of bonds links nucleotides?

Answer 6

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 7

What is the start codon?

Answer 7

AUG

Question 8

What are the stop codons?

Answer 8

UGA, UAG, UAA

Question 9

Synthesis of adenylate (AMP)

Answer 9

1) Aspartate added to inosinate to form adenylosuccinate (uses GTP for energy)
2) Adenylosuccinate converted to adenylate

Question 10

Synthesis of guanylate (GMP)

Answer 10

1) Inosinate converted to xanthylate

2) Amine group from glutamine is added to xanthylate to form guanylate (uses ATP for energy)

Question 11

What are the pyramidines synthesised from?

Answer 11

Carbamoyl phosphate and aspartate, then ribose-5-phosphate is attached