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Pre-Clinical Science > Bacterial Pathogenicity > Flashcards

Bacterial Pathogenicity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 shapes of bacteria?

A

Coccus
Bacillus
Coccobacillus
Pleomorphic (mixed)

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2
Q

What type of molecule stabilises the bacterial plasma membrane?

A

Hopanoids

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3
Q

What makes a bacteria gram positive?

A

Presence of a peptidoglycan cell wall

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4
Q

What makes a bacteria gram negative?

A
  • Single layer of peptidoglycan

- Presence of an outer membrane with lipopolysaccharides

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5
Q

What do the lipopolysaccharies in the outer membrane do?

A

Repel cells of the immune system

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6
Q

What is a glycocalyx?

A

Capsules/slime layers - protects bacteria from the immune system

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7
Q

What are fimbriae?

A

Pili, used to stick to surfaces

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8
Q

Which type of bacteria stains pink and which stains purple?

A

Gram +ive = purple

Grame -ive = pink

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9
Q

How many chromosomes do bacteria usually have?

A

Only one

Typical circular/double stranded and supercoiled

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10
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Extra-chromosomal circular DNA - usually auxiliary genes

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11
Q

What do plasmids do for the cell?

A

Provide some sort of advantage, e.g. resistance, virulence, colicin, fertility, degradative

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12
Q

What is the advantage of bacterial genetic variation?

A

Evolution - can result in increased virulence or resistance to host defences/treatments

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13
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms of bacterial variation?

A

Mutation (slow) or recombination (fast)

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14
Q

What are symbiotic bacteria?

A

Bacteria and host gain benefit

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15
Q

What are commensal bacteria?

A

Bacteria gain benefit but cause no harm to host

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16
Q

What are pathogenic bacteria?

A

Bacteria gain benefit and cause harm to host (can be obligate or facultative)

17
Q

What are facultative pathogens?

A

Opportunistic, normally harmless but have ability to be pathogenic with altered host conditions (e.g. cut on skin)

18
Q

What is endogenous infection?

A

Infection from host’s own commensal flora

19
Q

What is an exogenous infection?

A

Infection from environment/other hosts

20
Q

What are the 3 main opportunities for facultative pathogens to infect?

A

New body site
Altered body site
Reduced defences

Pre-Clinical Science (12 decks)

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