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Biology (B1) > Genetic Variation And Its Control > Flashcards

Genetic Variation And Its Control Flashcards

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1
Q

WHAT DO GENES CARRY

A

Genes carry the information that results in plants and animals having similar characteristics to their parents

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2
Q

WHY DO OFFSPRING RESEMBLE THEIR PARENTS

A

Offspring resemble their parents because they contain the genetic information passed on to them by their parents

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3
Q

WHAT IS ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

A

Asexual reproduction needs only one parent to reproduce

  • since there is only one parent, there is no fusion of gametes and no mixing of genetic information
  • as a result offspring are genetically identical
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4
Q

WHAT ARE CHROMOSOMES AND GENES, WHAT DO THEY DO

A

Chromosomes are found in the cell nuclear and contain many genes

  • a gene is a section of DNA which carries coding for a particular protein
  • different genes control the development of different characteristics of an organism
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5
Q

INHERITED FACTORS

A

Variation due to genetics causes inherited variation

EXAMPLE
• eye colour
• hair colour
• skin colour

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6
Q

VARIATION DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

A

Some variation within species is inherited, and some variation is due to the environment

— some are due to a combination of both

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7
Q

WHAT FACTORS CAN AFFECT THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS

A
  • climate
  • diet
  • accidents
  • culture
  • lifestyle
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8
Q

FEATURES THAT SHOW ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION

A
  • your language
  • your religion

• flower colour in hydrangeas
(Blue flowers in acidic soil - pink flowers in alkaline soil)

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9
Q

WHAT ARE GAMETES

A

Sex cells

Male - sperm
Female - eggs

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10
Q

WHAT IS THE FUSION IF GAMETES CALLED

A

Fertilisation

Each human gamete contains 23 chromosomes

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11
Q

Asexual reproduction in plants can take a number of forms

Many plants develop underground food storage organs that later develop in the following years into plants

A

Learn

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12
Q

EXPLAIN ARTIFICIAL CLONING IN PLANTS

cuttings

A

Simplest way to clone plants is to take a cutting

  • a branch from the parent plant is cut off and its lower leaves are removed and the stem planted in damp compost
  • plant hormones are often used to encourage new roots to develop
  • the cutting is then covered in a clear plastic bag at this stage to keep it moist and warm
  • after a few weeks roots develop and a new plant is produced
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13
Q

STAGES OF AMIMAL CLONING

A
  1. The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell and discarded
  2. The nucleus is removed from an adult body cell and injected into an egg cell
  3. Am electric shock is provided to make the egg cell begin to divide to form an embryo
  4. Still in a ball of cells, the embryo is inserted into the womb of an adult female
  5. The embryo grows and develops
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14
Q

EXAMPLE OF ADULT CELL CLONING IN ANIMALS

A

Dolly the sheep was the first mammal to be cloned using adult cell cloning

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15
Q

BASIC IDEA OF EVOLUTION

A

The basic idea of evolution is that all species have developed over time from simple life forms over billions of years

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16
Q

WHAT IS NATURAL SELECTION

A

The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment ten to survive and produce more off spring

17
Q

WHAT IS DARWINS THEORY

A
  • individuals In a species show a wide range of variation
  • this variation is because of differences in their genes
  • individuals with characteristics most suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
  • the genes that allow these individuals to be successful are passed to their offspring
18
Q

IN DARWINS THEORY, WHAT HAPPENS TO THOSE WHO ARE POORLY ADAPTED

A

They are less likely to survive or reproduce, which means their genes are less likely to be passed to the next generation.

Species eventually evolve

19
Q

WHY DID PEOPLE NOT LIKE DARWINS THEORY

A
  • it conflicted religious views

* not enough evidence

20
Q

WHAT DID LAMARCKS THEORY INCLUDE

A
  1. A characteristic that is used more and more by an organism becomes bigger and stronger, and one that is not used eventually disappears
  2. Any feature of an organism that is improved through use it passes it to their offspring

Biology (B1) (9 decks)

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