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Biology (B1) > Control In The Human Body > Flashcards

Control In The Human Body Flashcards

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1
Q

WHY DOES WATER CONTENT IN THE BODY NEED TO BE CONTROLLED

A

Water content needs to be controlled to protect cells from either too much water entering or too much water leaving them

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2
Q

HOW IS WATER CONTENT CONTROLLED BY WATER LOSS FROM…

The lungs, skin, passing urine

A

The lungs — when we exhale

The skin — through sweating

Passing Urine — produced by kidneys

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3
Q

WHY DOES TEMPERATURE NEED TO BE CONTROLLED IN THE BODY

A

Temperature is controlled to maintain the temperature at which enzymes worm best

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4
Q

HOW IS BODY TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED

A
  • sweating
  • shivering
  • controlling blood flow to the skin
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5
Q

WHY DO BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS NEED TO BE CONTROLLED IN THE BODY

A

blood sugar levels are controlled to provide cells with a constant supply of energy

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6
Q

HOW ARE BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS CONTROLLED

A

By the release and storage of glucose controlled by insulin

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7
Q

WHAT ARE HORMONES AND WHAT DO THEY DO

A
  • Hormones are chemicals secreted by glands in the body

* Hormones co-ordinate many processes in the body

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8
Q

WHAT HORMONE DOES THE ADRENAL GLAND SECRETE

hormone, target organs, effect

A

Hormone — adrenaline

Target organs — vital organs. E.g Liver and heart

Effect — prepares the body for action

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9
Q

WHAT HORMONE DOES THE OVARY SECRETE

hormone, target organs, effect

A

Hormone — oestrogen

Target organs — ovaries, uterus, pituitary gland

Effect — controls puberty and menstrual cycle in females

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10
Q

WHAT HORMONE DOES THE PANCREAS SECRETE

hormone, target organs, effect

A

Hormone — insulin

Target Organs — liver

Effect — controls blood sugar levels

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11
Q

WHAT HORMONE DOES THE TESTES SECRETE

hormone, target organs, effect

A

Hormone — testosterone

Target organs — male reproductive organs

Effect — controls puberty in males

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12
Q

WHAT HORMONE DOES THE PITUITARY GLAND SECRETE

hormone, target organs, effect

A

Hormone — luteinising hormone (LH)

Target organs — ovaries

Effect — triggers egg release and progesterone production in ovaries

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13
Q

(1 of 2)

WHAT HORMONE DOES THE PITUITARY GLAND SECRETE

hormone, target organs, effect

A

Hormone — anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)

Target organs — kidney

Effect — controls blood water levels by triggering uptake of water in kidneys

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14
Q

(2 of 2)

WHAT HORMONE DOES THE PITUITARY GLAND SECRETE

hormone, target organs, effect

A

Hormone — follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

Target organs — ovaries

Effect — triggers egg ripening and oestrogen production in ovaries

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15
Q

WHAT IS THE CONTRACEPTIVE PILL

What does it contain

A

The contraceptive pill greatly reduces the chances mature eggs being produced

  • it contains oestrogen and progesterone (another hormone)
  • these hormones inhibit the production of FSH, which in turn stops eggs maturing in the ovaries
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16
Q

WHY DOES THE MODERN DAY CONTRACEPTIVE PILL CONTAIN LESS OESTROGEN

A

It now contains less oestrogen because it caused women to have significant side effects such as:

  • change in weight
  • change in blood pressure
  • change in mood
17
Q

WHAT IS THE FERTILITY DRUG

A

Some women have difficulty becoming pregnant because they don’t produce enough FSH to allow their eggs to mature

• fertility drugs contain more FSH to stimulate eggs to mature in the ovaries

18
Q

WHAT IS IVF TREATMENT AND HOW IS IT DONE?

A

IVF is a treatment used if a couple is having trouble conceiving a child

  • the egg is fertilised outside of the woman’s body
  • it is then implanted back into her uterus
19
Q

Control in plants

WHAT IS PHOTOTROPISM

A

A plants direct response to light

  • plant stems exhibit positive phototropism because they are growing towards the light
  • auxins on the dark side makes the cells grow longer meaning they bend towards the light
20
Q

Control in plants

WHAT IS GRAVITROPISM

A

A plants direct response to gravity

  • negative gravitropism = where plants grown away from gravity (up)
  • positive gravitropism = where plants grow towards gravity (down)

You get positive gravitropism in roots because there is a high concentration of auxins which will inhibit growth (on the lower side of the root)

21
Q

WHEN ARE PLANT GROWTH HORMONES USED

A

Are used in agriculture and horticultures as weed killers and as rooting hormones

22
Q

WHY DO SELECTIVE WEED KILLERS CONTAIN HORMONES

A

As it contains hormones it causes the weeds to grow too quickly and then die

Biology (B1) (9 decks)

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