genetic engineering Flashcards
genetic engineering
manip of an org’s DNA
tranformed organisms
DNA altered by GE
recombinant DNA
mol of DNA consists of DNA from two sources joined togther
final goal of techniques
getting a host org to prod proteins encoded by a new gene that has been inserted into the host’s DNA
why are plasmids a perfect vector
can be transcribed by having simple bacterial promoter region upstream of the gene
main req of org
large quantites of a protien can be prod as cheaply and easily as possible
org needs to be
grow faast
easily manip
naturally occing vectors- plasmids
good option for org
yeasts or bacteria
b4 insersion of gene
same r,endonucleases used to cut plasmid
where do r.endo cut plasmid
specific recognion sites
what does r.endo create in plasmid
complimentary sticky ends
what forms bw bases
h bonds
DNA ligase
joins DNA togther by caalysing formation of phosphodiester bonds
waht are ppd bonds formed bw
sugar and phosphate groups of the backbone
transformation
injecting the vector in2 the chosen bacterium
why are vectors contaning genes moved to living cells
replication and/ expression
host cell
cells recieving the vector
vectors
lasrge mols which dont readily cross cell membranes
how are vectors made permeable
electroporation
viruses
microinjection
liposomes
electroporation
cells subjected to high voltage pulse, temporarily distrupts the mem and allows vectpr to enter cell
viruses
vector incrorp into a virus
inj host cels by inj gen mat- containing selected gene
microinjection
gen mat inj using a micro pipette
Ti plasmids
only plasmids plant cells take up
liposomes
DNA warpped in a lipid mol allowing it to pass through phospholipid bilayer
