Genes & inheritance Flashcards
How are genes passed?
They are passed from parents to their kids
How many chromosomes are found in sperm & egg cells?
23 chromosomes each
What does a fertilised egg contain?
A new unique combination of 46 chromosomes with genes from both parents
Why is a person’s DNA unique?
Each strand is made up of a different combination of chromosomes, make different amino acids and proteins for each living organism.
How can faulty genes cause diseases?
The proteins made by these genes don’t work properly and result in harmful symptoms
Why does genetic diseases often run in families?
Faulty genes can be inherited, so genetic diseases can be passed
Give an example of a genetic disease
An example of a genetic disease would be sickle cell
What causes sickle cell?
It’s caused by inheriting the sickle cell gene from both parents
What are the symptoms of sickle cell?
Painful episodes (blood vessels to part of body become blocked, often affecting particular part of body)
Anaemia
Getting infections often
What treatments are available?
Stem cell/bone marrow transplants
Drinking plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration
Wear warm clothes
Avoid sudden temperature changes
Taking daily antibiotics
How many chromosomes does a human have?
46 chromosomes
How many chromosomes does a chimpanzee have?
48 chromosomes
How many chromosomes does an African lion have?
38 chromosomes
How many chromosomes does a red kangaroo have?
20 chromosomes
How many chromosomes does a fruit fly have?
8
