Cells & enzymes Flashcards
What is a cell like?
A tiny factory divides into different categories
Where do many chemical reactions happen?
In the different compartments
Why do the reactions not happen quickly?
They don’t happen quickly because cell temps are too low
What are enzymes?
Protein molecules made by the cell
What do enzymes do?
They act as catalysts, they speed up chemical reactions and make them happen at lower temps
Can enzymes be re-used?
Yes because they are not used in reactions
Are enzymes specific?
Yes, they only catalyse 1 reaction
Give an example of specific reactions
Amylase will break down 1 substrate which is a starch not protein
What do enzymes do?
The work on a substrate and turn them into a product
What 2 different reactions are enzymes used for?
Breakdown and build up
Give an example of a break down reaction
Starch. ->. Maltose (ii molecules of glucose)
Amylase
Give an example of a build up reaction
Glucose-1-phosphate -> Starch
Phosphorylase
What is another name for a breakdown reaction?
Degradation reactions
What is another name for build up reactions?
Synthesis reactions
What is starch?
A molecule made up of hundreds of sugar molecules joined together
What can starch be broken down into?
A sugar called maltose by the enzyme amylase
What is iodine solution and what is it used for?
A brown liquid used to test for the present of starch, turns black if starch is present
What is Benedict’s solution and what is it used for?
A blue liquid used to test for the presence of sugar, turns orange if sugar there
What are some industries that use enzymes?
Cheese making, extraction of fruit juice, biological detergents, contact lenses cleaners & soft centered sweets
How are enzymes used in cheese making?
Rennet is a mixture of different enzymes found in the stomach of calves used to make milk curdle by coagulating casin (milk protein), causing it to clot into curds.
These are skimmed off and get pressed together to make cheese
How do enzymes used in biological detergents
Enzymes in the powder remove protein & fat stains because they break them down into smaller molecules
