Cells & enzymes

Question 1

What is a cell like?

Answer 1

A tiny factory divides into different categories

Question 2

Where do many chemical reactions happen?

Answer 2

In the different compartments

Question 3

Why do the reactions not happen quickly?

Answer 3

They don’t happen quickly because cell temps are too low

Question 4

What are enzymes?

Answer 4

Protein molecules made by the cell

Question 5

What do enzymes do?

Answer 5

They act as catalysts, they speed up chemical reactions and make them happen at lower temps

Question 6

Can enzymes be re-used?

Answer 6

Yes because they are not used in reactions

Question 7

Are enzymes specific?

Answer 7

Yes, they only catalyse 1 reaction

Question 8

Give an example of specific reactions

Answer 8

Amylase will break down 1 substrate which is a starch not protein

Question 9

What do enzymes do?

Answer 9

The work on a substrate and turn them into a product

Question 10

What 2 different reactions are enzymes used for?

Answer 10

Breakdown and build up

Question 11

Give an example of a break down reaction

Answer 11

Starch. ->. Maltose (ii molecules of glucose)
Amylase

Question 12

Give an example of a build up reaction

Answer 12

Glucose-1-phosphate -> Starch
Phosphorylase

Question 13

What is another name for a breakdown reaction?

Answer 13

Degradation reactions

Question 14

What is another name for build up reactions?

Answer 14

Synthesis reactions

Question 15

What is starch?

Answer 15

A molecule made up of hundreds of sugar molecules joined together

Question 16

What can starch be broken down into?

Answer 16

A sugar called maltose by the enzyme amylase

Question 17

What is iodine solution and what is it used for?

Answer 17

A brown liquid used to test for the present of starch, turns black if starch is present

Question 18

What is Benedict’s solution and what is it used for?

Answer 18

A blue liquid used to test for the presence of sugar, turns orange if sugar there

Question 19

What are some industries that use enzymes?

Answer 19

Cheese making, extraction of fruit juice, biological detergents, contact lenses cleaners & soft centered sweets

Question 20

How are enzymes used in cheese making?

Answer 20

Rennet is a mixture of different enzymes found in the stomach of calves used to make milk curdle by coagulating casin (milk protein), causing it to clot into curds.
These are skimmed off and get pressed together to make cheese

Question 21

How do enzymes used in biological detergents

Answer 21

Enzymes in the powder remove protein & fat stains because they break them down into smaller molecules