Genes and Chromosomes Flashcards
1
Q
What are genes?
A
A section of DNA which contains the sequence of nucleotides needed to create a protein
2
Q
What is an allele?
A
All the different versions of a gene. Every somatic cell has 2 copies of every gene on every chromosome
3
Q
What are Homologous Chromosomes?
A
2 of the exact same chromosome, in length, gene loci and centromere
4
Q
What is a genome?
A
The complete set of genetic material of the organism
5
Q
What is the structure of chromosomes?
A
Chromosomes –> Chromatin fibres –> Nucleosomes –> histones
everything is condenced
6
Q
What are telomeres?
A
A region of repetitive base sequences at the end of every chromosome
7
Q
What are centromere?
A
a specialised sequence that holds the chromosome during DNA replication
