Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AB 4th Year General Surg + GI > General Surgery - Vascular > Flashcards

General Surgery - Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

how does PAD occur?

A

atherosclerotic disease of the arteries in the peripheries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

risk factors for PAD?

A 
smoking 
alcohol
DM
obesity 
hypercholesterolaemia
HT
CV disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

features of PAD?

A 
cramping after walking for a set distance
relieved by rest
ulcer
gangrene
foot pain at night
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is found at examination of PAD?

A

punched out painful ulcers
atrophic skin
cold white legs
absent pulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what classification is used for PAD? what are the levels?

A 
fontaine
1 - asymp
2 - intermittent
3 - ischaemic rest pain 
4 - ulceration/gangrene (critical ischaemia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is used for ABPI?

A

arm/calf systolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how is ABPI calculated?

A

arm BP/calf BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what other Ix should be done for PAD?

A 
US
MR/CT angiogram
BM
FBC
U+Es
ECG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tx for PAD?

A 
lifestyle
statin (atorvastatin 80mg)
HT control
DM control
antiplatelet (clopidogrel)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the Tx for critical limb ischaemia?

A

gabapentin/amitryptilline

surgery (angioplasty, stent , bypass, amputate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

features of critical limb ischaemia?

A

burning at rest
ulceration
gangrene
hanging of legs to ease pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

causes of acute limb ischaemia?

A

thrombosis
trauma
graft/angioplasty occlusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

features of acute limb ischaemia?

A 
6 P's
pale
pulseless
painful
paralysed
parasthetic
perishingly cold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tx for acute limb ischaemia?

A

surgical emergency

anticoagulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens in gangrene?

A

death of tissue due to poor vascular supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens in gas gangrene?

A

necrotising myositis caused by C. diff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens in necrotising fasciitis?

A

infection of the deep fascia causing necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue

18
Q

what bacteria often causes necrotising fasciitis?

A

GABHS

19
Q

features of necrotising fasciitis?

A

pain out of proportion
purple/black skin
pulseless

20
Q

treatment of necrotising fasciitis?

A

fasciotomy

21
Q

how do varicose veins occur?

A

valves become incompetent at preventing backflow

blood goes from deep > superficial veins

22
Q

risk factors for varicose veins?

A 
FHx
obese
pregnant
pill
prolonged standing 
overactive muscle pumps
23
Q

features of varicose veins?

A 
pain
cramps
tingling
restless legs
oedema
eczema
haemosiderin deposits
24
Q

Tx for varicose veins?

A

elevate legs
weight loss
exercise for calf muscles
stockings

25
Q

complications of varicose veins?

A

bleeding
thrombophlebitis
ulceration

26
Q

risk factors for AAA?

A 
smoking
HT
Male
FHx
>50yrs
CTDs
hypercholesterolaemia
27
Q

features of a AAA?

A 
abdo pain 
back pain 
collapse
expansile mass
hypotensive
28
Q

Ix for an AAA?

A

US
CT
ECG
crossmatch

29
Q

Tx for a AAA?

A

EVAR

30
Q

who get screened for AAA?

A

> 65yrs by US

31
Q

criteria for scan follow up with an AAA?

A

3-4.4cm - 12 months
4.5-5.4cm - 3 months
>5.5cm - refer

32
Q

what is defined as a chronic leg ulcer?

A

open lesion between knee and ankle that remains unhealed for 4 weeks

33
Q

features of venous ulcers?

A 
superficial
gaiter area
varicosities
haemosiderin staining 
lipodermatosclerosis
34
Q

features of arterial ulcers?

A 
cold limb 
pale
hairless
deep punched out ulcer
pain at night
in pressure areas
35
Q

features of vasculitic ulcers?

A

multiple bilateral lesions
anywhere on the leg
small round
shallow

36
Q

how does venous insufficiency cause ulcers?

A

vein valve reflux occurs
stasis
oedema
ischaemia -> necrosis -> ulcer

37
Q

what are the ABPI ranges? what BP is used?

A

0.8-1.3 normal
<0.8 severe PAD
>1.5 calcification (PAD)

systolic BP of ankle and arm

38
Q

Tx for venous leg ulcers?

A

debride and clean
compression stockings
dressings

39
Q

Tx for arterial leg ulcers?

A

angioplasty/endartectomy/bypass

40
Q

what bacteria commonly infects ulcers?

A

pseudomonas

GABHS

41
Q

Tx for infected ulcers?

A

fluclox
+ met if moderate
+ gent if severe

42
Q

who gets surgery for a AAA?

A

symptomatic
>5.5cm if asymptomatic
ruptured

AB 4th Year General Surg + GI (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions