General Surgery - Hernias, Bariatric Surgery + Stomas Flashcards

1
Q

what is a hernia?

A

abnormal protrusion of an organ/fatty tissue through a weakness in its containing wall

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2
Q

what 3 bad things can happen to hernias?

A

incarcerated
obstructed
strangulated

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3
Q

difference between direct and indirect inguinal hernias?

A

direct - medial to inferior epigastric artery

indirect - lateral to inferior epigastric artery

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4
Q

where are inguinal hernias related to the pubic tubercle?

A

superior and medial

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5
Q

which type of hernia is at higher risk of strangulation? why?

A

indirect

narrow neck

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6
Q

where are femoral hernias in relation to the pubic tubercle? femoral pulse?

A

inferior and lateral

medial to femoral pulse

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7
Q

what are femoral hernias at high risk of? why?

A

strangulation

bony structures nearby

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8
Q

what types of ventral hernias exist? what are these?

A

umbilical
paraumbilical
epigastric

bulge through muscles of the abdomen

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9
Q

what types of congenital hernias exits?

A

inguinal due to persistant process vaginalis

umbilical

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10
Q

features of an incarcerated hernia?

A

irreducible

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11
Q

features of an obstructed hernia?

A

distended
constipated
colicky

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12
Q

features of a strangulated hernia?

A

tense
tender
irreducible

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13
Q

how can examination help distinguish hernia type?

A

femoral - upper thigh

occlusion of internal ring controls indirect

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14
Q

Tx for an inguinal hernia?

A

patient choice

mesh repair

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15
Q

Tx for a femoral hernia?

A

always repair

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16
Q

Tx for ventral hernias?

A

only if symptomatic or high risk of strangulation

17
Q

hernia repair complications?

A

infection
reoccurance
bleeding
chronic groin pain

18
Q

what is the criteria for bariatric surgery?

A

BMI >35 with co morbidities that would improve with weight loss
trying to lose for >6months

19
Q

what gastric surgery is slower with less weight loss?

A

gastric band

20
Q

what gastric surgery is better with more weight loss?

A

roux en Y

21
Q

what happens in a roux en Y bypass?

A

jejunum attached to stomach pouch
contents bypass straight through this
duodenum attaches to jejunum

22
Q

complications of a gastric band?

A

pouch enlargement
erosion
band slip
vomiting

23
Q

complications of a roux en Y?

A
vitamin deficiencies
hernias
dumping syndrome 
stricture
cholelithiasis
24
Q

what is dumping syndrome?

A

fainting and sweating after eating food with high osmotic potential

25
Q

what type of stoma is commonly on the RHS?

A

ileostomy

26
Q

what type of stoma is commonly on the LHS?

A

colostomy

27
Q

what are ileostomies and colostomies made form?

A

ileo - mid to distal small bowel

colostomy - large. bowel

28
Q

what are jejunostomies often used for?

A

feeding

have tube access

29
Q

what are urostomies made from?

A

ileum with the ureters within

30
Q

what is ileostomy output like?

A

thick green/brown porridge

31
Q

what is colostomy output like?

A

similar to faeces

32
Q

how does stoma output vary?

A

more proximal the more liquid output