General Surgery - Hernias, Bariatric Surgery + Stomas Flashcards
what is a hernia?
abnormal protrusion of an organ/fatty tissue through a weakness in its containing wall
what 3 bad things can happen to hernias?
incarcerated
obstructed
strangulated
difference between direct and indirect inguinal hernias?
direct - medial to inferior epigastric artery
indirect - lateral to inferior epigastric artery
where are inguinal hernias related to the pubic tubercle?
superior and medial
which type of hernia is at higher risk of strangulation? why?
indirect
narrow neck
where are femoral hernias in relation to the pubic tubercle? femoral pulse?
inferior and lateral
medial to femoral pulse
what are femoral hernias at high risk of? why?
strangulation
bony structures nearby
what types of ventral hernias exist? what are these?
umbilical
paraumbilical
epigastric
bulge through muscles of the abdomen
what types of congenital hernias exits?
inguinal due to persistant process vaginalis
umbilical
features of an incarcerated hernia?
irreducible
features of an obstructed hernia?
distended
constipated
colicky
features of a strangulated hernia?
tense
tender
irreducible
how can examination help distinguish hernia type?
femoral - upper thigh
occlusion of internal ring controls indirect
Tx for an inguinal hernia?
patient choice
mesh repair
Tx for a femoral hernia?
always repair