Gastrointestinal - Infections Flashcards
what are the 4 types of colitis?
C diff
neutropenic
radiation
ischaemic
who gets radiation colitis?
occurs transiently in those who have had radiotherapy
who gets neutropenic colitis?
immunocompromised
what type of diarrhoea occurs in C diff colitis?
foul green diarrhoea
what is the pathology behind C diff colitis?
toxin A is produced
what can occur as a complication of C diff colitis?
pseudomembranous colitis can occur which is grey/white plaques on the surface
what 4 Abx increase risk of C diff?
clindamycin
cephalosporin
co amox
ciproflox
what gives you green diarrhoea?
C diff
what can give you bloody diarrhoea?
campylobacter
shigella
e coli
what are severity markers of C diff?
WBC >15 temp >38.5 acute creatinine rise persistent infection colonic complications
viral causes of gastroenteritis?
norovirus
enterovirus
what bacteria is assoc with cream cakes? feature?
staph
acute onset due to exotoxin
what bacteria is assoc with rice? features?
bacillus cereus
starts in 6 hrs
resolves within 24
what is campylobacter assoc with?
meat/poultry
what is shigella assoc with?
faecal oral
what is salmonella assoc with?
eggs/poultry
when can E coli infection present?
days after
risk factors for c diff?
PPI
old age
immunosup
abx
Ix for gastroenteritis?
FBC
U+Es
CRP
stool culture/PCR
Tx for acute gastroenteritis?
supportive (resolves acutely)
Tx for campylobacter?
erythromycin
what are staph and bacillus?
gram positive
Tx for shigella?
cipro
Tx for salmonella?
cipro
Tx for c diff?
metronidazole
vanc if severe
stool transplant
Tx for E.coli?
supportive
avoid Abx due to HUS risk
what triad makes up HUS?
thrombocytopenia
AKI
microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
what happens in HUS?
e coli O157 unfection
causes toxin to bind to glomerular cells and expose the BM
microvascular thrombosis results
Ix for HUS? results?
FBC (thrombocytopenia) reticulocytes (high) blood film (schistocytes) U+Es blood cultures
Tx for HUS?
fluids
red cells
dialysis
complications of C diff infection?
pseudomembranous colitis
toxic megacolon
on AXR, what is defined as toxic megacolon?
> 6cm with systemic infection
Tx for toxic megacolon?
NG
Abx