Gastrointestinal - Infections

Question 1

what are the 4 types of colitis?

Answer 1

C diff
neutropenic
radiation
ischaemic

Question 2

who gets radiation colitis?

Answer 2

occurs transiently in those who have had radiotherapy

Question 3

who gets neutropenic colitis?

Answer 3

immunocompromised

Question 4

what type of diarrhoea occurs in C diff colitis?

Answer 4

foul green diarrhoea

Question 5

what is the pathology behind C diff colitis?

Answer 5

toxin A is produced

Question 6

what can occur as a complication of C diff colitis?

Answer 6

pseudomembranous colitis can occur which is grey/white plaques on the surface

Question 7

what 4 Abx increase risk of C diff?

Answer 7

clindamycin
cephalosporin
co amox
ciproflox

Question 8

what gives you green diarrhoea?

Answer 8

C diff

Question 9

what can give you bloody diarrhoea?

Answer 9

campylobacter
shigella
e coli

Question 10

what are severity markers of C diff?

Answer 10

WBC >15
temp >38.5
acute creatinine rise
persistent infection
colonic complications

Question 11

viral causes of gastroenteritis?

Answer 11

norovirus

enterovirus

Question 12

what bacteria is assoc with cream cakes? feature?

Answer 12

staph

acute onset due to exotoxin

Question 13

what bacteria is assoc with rice? features?

Answer 13

bacillus cereus
starts in 6 hrs
resolves within 24

Question 14

what is campylobacter assoc with?

Answer 14

meat/poultry

Question 15

what is shigella assoc with?

Answer 15

faecal oral

Question 16

what is salmonella assoc with?

Answer 16

eggs/poultry

Question 17

when can E coli infection present?

Answer 17

days after

Question 18

risk factors for c diff?

Answer 18

PPI
old age
immunosup
abx

Question 19

Ix for gastroenteritis?

Answer 19

FBC
U+Es
CRP
stool culture/PCR

Question 20

Tx for acute gastroenteritis?

Answer 20

supportive (resolves acutely)

Question 21

Tx for campylobacter?

Answer 21

erythromycin

Question 22

what are staph and bacillus?

Answer 22

gram positive

Question 23

Tx for shigella?

Answer 23

cipro

Question 24

Tx for salmonella?

Answer 24

cipro

Question 25

Tx for c diff?

Answer 25

metronidazole
vanc if severe
stool transplant

Question 26

Tx for E.coli?

Answer 26

supportive

avoid Abx due to HUS risk

Question 27

what triad makes up HUS?

Answer 27

thrombocytopenia
AKI
microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia

Question 28

what happens in HUS?

Answer 28

e coli O157 unfection
causes toxin to bind to glomerular cells and expose the BM
microvascular thrombosis results

Question 29

Ix for HUS? results?

Answer 29

FBC (thrombocytopenia)
reticulocytes (high)
blood film (schistocytes)
U+Es
blood cultures

Question 30

Tx for HUS?

Answer 30

fluids
red cells
dialysis

Question 31

complications of C diff infection?

Answer 31

pseudomembranous colitis

toxic megacolon

Question 32

on AXR, what is defined as toxic megacolon?

Answer 32

> 6cm with systemic infection

Question 33

Tx for toxic megacolon?

Answer 33

NG

Abx