General Sensory Mechanisms

Question 1

Mechanoreceptor for Equilibrium

Answer 1

VESTIBULAR Receptors

Question 2

Encapsulated endings of Skin Tactile sensibilities

Answer 2

• Meissner’s Corpuscles

- Kraus’ Corpuscles

Question 3

Type C Nerve Fibers

Answer 3

• SMALL Unmyelinated fibers

- Conduct @ LOW Velocity

Question 4

Exteroreceptive sensations

Answer 4

From the SURFACE of the Body

Question 5

EM Receptors

Answer 5

• Rods and Cones

- For Vision

Question 6

Discharge Zone of the Neuronal Pool

Answer 6

Includes ALL the Output fibers stimulated by incoming fibers

Question 7

In terms of potential, Axons can elicit _____ while Dendrites can elicit _____.

Answer 7

• AP

- Local Potential

Question 8

Somatic senses

Answer 8

Collect sensory info from ALL over the BODY

Question 9

What sensations do Type C fibers usually carry?

Answer 9

• Pain
• Itch
• Temp
• Crude Touch

Question 10

Labeled Line Principle

Answer 10

The Specificity of NERVE fibers for transmitting only ONE modality of sensation

Question 11

Expanded tip endings of Skin Tactile sensibilities

Answer 11

Merkel’s Disc

Question 12

Adaptation Receptor Characteristics

Answer 12

• All sensory receptors adapt either Partially or Completely to any constant stimulus after a period of time
• Some to a far greater extent than others

Question 13

Nociceptors

Answer 13

• FREE nerve endings

- Responding to PAIN

Question 14

Chemoreceptors

Answer 14

• Taste
• Smell
• Osm
• Blood CO2
• Arterial O2

Question 15

Temporal Summation

Answer 15

• Increasing strength by increasing FREQUENCY of nerve impulses
• Deals with TIME

Question 16

Type A Nerve Fibers

Answer 16

• Further subdivided in alpha, beta, gamma and delta

- LARGE and Medium sized MYELINATED fibers of SPINAL Nerves

Question 17

Thermoreceptor

Answer 17

• Cold Receptors

- Warm Receptors

Question 18

Mechanisms of Stimulation for Receptors

Answer 18

• Mechanical Deformation
  (Pressing on a receptor)
• Chemical Application
• Temp Change
• EM Radiation

Question 19

What are the 5 Basic types of Sensory Receptors?

Answer 19

1. Mechanoreceptor
2. Electromagnetic
3. Nociceptor
4. Thermoreceptor
5. Chemoreceptor

“MEN TC”

Question 20

Modality

Answer 20

• Refers to each of the Principle types of SENSATION

- Used as a term in relationship to the types of sensation

Question 21

Mechanoreceptor for Hearing

Answer 21

Sound receptors in the COCHLEA

Question 22

Deep sensations

Answer 22

• Deep pressure
• Pain
• Vibrations

Question 23

What is the Amplitude of a receptor potential to the Mechanical Stimulus ?

Answer 23

Direct Relationship

Question 24

Mechanoreceptor for Arterial Pressure

Answer 24

Baroreceptors

Question 25

Types of somatic senses

Answer 25

- Mechanoreceptive - Thermoreceptive - Pain

Question 26

Special Senses

Answer 26

Refer to - Vision - Hearing - Smell - Taste - Equillibrium

Question 27

Diverging Neuronal Pathways

Answer 27

- May result in AMPLIFICATION of Initial signal | - May allow transmission of Original signal to SEPARATE Areas

Question 28

Type of SENSES

Answer 28

1. Somatic | 2. Special senses

Question 29

Types of Tonic Receptors

Answer 29

- Muscle spindles - Macula - Vestibule - Baroreceptor - Chemoreceptors - Golgi Tendon organs

Question 30

Facilitated/Inhibition Zones

Answer 30

- Neurons FURTHER from discharge zone that are Facilitated but NOT Excited - May be INHIBITORY or EXCITATORY depending on the Input Fiber

Question 31

What type of Nerve fivers make up more than HALF of ALL Sensory fibers in ALL Post-ganglionic autonomic fibers?

Answer 31

Type C

Question 32

Encapsulated Endings for DEEP Tissue sensibilities

Answer 32

Pacinian Corpuscles

Question 33

What type of Nerve fivers make up more than HALF of ALL Sensory fibers in most peripheral nerves?

Answer 33

Type C

Question 34

Converging Pathways

Answer 34

- Multiple INPUT fibers Converge onto a Single OUTPUT Neuron - Input fibers may be from a single source OR from Mult Separate sources

Question 35

Phasic Receptors

Answer 35

- Adapt “to Extinction” w/in a SECOND or Less - NOT transmit a Continuous signal - Stimulated only when stimulus CHANGES

Question 36

Spatial summation

Answer 36

- Increasing signal strength is transmitted by using progressively Greater # of Fibers - Endings is Large in CENTER but reduces in Periphery - Nerve endings OVERLAP fields

Question 37

Types of Sensations

Answer 37

1. Exteroreceptive sensations 2. Proprioceptive Sensations 3. Deep Sensations

Question 38

Tonic Receptors

Answer 38

- SLOW adapting receptors - Can transmit Information for many hours or days - Transmit impulses as long as stimulus is present

Question 39

T/F; Merkel discs connect to a SINGLE un-myelinated fiber.

Answer 39

False They connect to a Single MYELINATED fiber

Question 40

Reverberatory Circuits

Answer 40

AKA Oscillatory Circuits - Cause by Pos Feedback w/in Neuronal circuit - Once Stimulated, may discharge repetitively for a long time

Question 41

Spray Endings for DEEP Tissue sensibilities

Answer 41

Ruffini’s Corpuscle

Question 42

Differential Sensitivity

Answer 42

- Each Receptor is HIGHLY sensitive to one type of stimulus | - Almost non-responsive to others

Question 43

Proprioceptive Sensations

Answer 43

Refer to PHYSICAL state of body - Position - Muscle sensation - Pressure - Equilibrium