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Physiology II Exam 1 > CNS Development > Flashcards

CNS Development Flashcards

1
Q

Cell potential at

  1. Rest
  2. Excitement
  3. Inhibition
A
  1. -65mV
  2. -45mV
  3. -70mV
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2
Q

Spina Bifida Cystica

A
  • Sac-like Cyst at CAUDAL end
  • Spinal fxn may be impaired
  • Bladder and bowel fxn may be impaired
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3
Q

T/F: The Spinal cord encounters sensory information by the Cranial Nerves.

A

False

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4
Q

T/F: All axons are myelinated

A

False, but they are covered by Schwann cells

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5
Q

2 major branches of the Spinal nerves

A
  • Dorsal Primary Ramus

- Ventral Primary Ramus

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6
Q

Forms of Spina Bifida Cystica

A
  1. Meningocele
    - meninges found in sac
  2. Meningomyelocele
    - loss of sensation in lower limbs
    - lower extremity paralysis
  3. Myeloschisis
    - Most Severe
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7
Q

What is Anencephaly?

A

The failure of the Cranial end of the Neural tune to Close

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8
Q

Arnold-Chiari Deformity

A
  • Malformed Cerebellum and Medulla
  • Deafness
  • Muscle weakness
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9
Q

Diencephalon structures

A
  1. Epithalamus
  2. Thalamus
  3. Hypothalamus
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10
Q

Secondary Afferent Neurons synapse where?

A

The THALAMUS

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11
Q

Primary Afferent Neurons synapse where?

A
  • In the POSTERIOR Horns of spinal cord

Or

  • Sensory Nuclei in the Brain
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12
Q

The ANS in Entirely ____ and can be divided into two subdivision: _____ and ______.

A
  • Motor
  • Sympathetic

&

  • Parasympathetic
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13
Q

Pentapartite brain sections

A

1A. TELENcephalon
- Most ANT

1B. DIENcephalon
- The “THROUGH” Brain

  1. MESENcephalon

3A. METENcephalon

3B. MYELENcephalon
- Most POST

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14
Q

Dendrites conduct what kind of AP?

A

LOCAL

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15
Q

Ionotropic receptors vs Metabotropic receptors

A

I:
- Directly associated with Channel Proteins

M:
- Act by way of second messengers

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16
Q

Holoprosencephaly

  • Definition
  • Characteristics
A

Def:
Failure for PROSencephalon to divide into 2 Cerebral Hemispheres

Char:

  • Single orbit with 2 eyes
  • Nose-like projection above eye
  • Cleft lip/palate
17
Q

How many stages of Neural Tube Development?

A

3

18
Q

What is the ROOF of the MYELENcephalon Primordia

A

Choroid Plexus

19
Q

The 4 Parasympathetic Cranial Nerve fibers.

A

3

7

9

10

20
Q

Nerve Vs Tract

A

N:
- Bundle of axons in the PNS

T:
- Bundle of axons in the CNS

21
Q

Spina Bifida OCCULTA

A
  • Hidden
  • Results from a failure of the INF neuropore to close
  • Spinal Cord function is NORMAL
22
Q

Diencephalon Fnxs

A
  • Controls ANS
  • Control Body temp
  • Biorhythm oscillator
23
Q

Stage 2 of Neural Tube Development

A
  • Neural plate thickens

- Neural Folds form

24
Q

General fxns categories of the brain?

A
  • Sensory
  • Motor
  • Cognitive
25
Q

T/F: The spinal cord is the LAST relay station for most motor fxn except for the ANS

A

True

26
Q

SUP (Cranial) neuropore closes by day ____ and the INF neuropore closes by day ____.

A
  1. 27

2. 30

27
Q

Stage 3 of Neural Tube Development

A
  • Opposing ends fold
  • Forms a Neural Tube
  • Not completed at ANT end or POST end
28
Q

Nucleus vs Ganglion

A

N:
Dendrites/cell bodies in the CNS

G:
Dendrites/cell bodies in the PNS

29
Q

White Ramus communicans

A

Carries Myelinated PRE-ganglionic fibers

30
Q

Commissure

A

Tract (CNS) that CROSSES from one side to the other

31
Q

Stage 1 of Neural Tube Development

A

Formation of the Neural Plate

32
Q

Tertiary Afferent Neurons synapse where?

A

Cerebral Cortex

33
Q

How many Cranial Nerves?

Vs

How many Spinal Nerves?

A

12

31

34
Q

T/F: CSF is continuously produced AND reabsorbed.

A

True

35
Q

What sensory stimuli does not pass through the Thalamus?

A

Smell

36
Q

Afferent pathways are usually _____ while Efferent pathways are usually _____.

A
  • Sensory

- Motor

37
Q

Gray Ramus Communicans

A

Carries Unmyelinated POST-ganglionic fibers to Spinal nerve

38
Q

The CNS structures arise from what?

A

The Neural Tube

39
Q

Tripartite Brain Sections

A
  1. PROSencephalon
    - Forebrain
  2. MESencephalon
    - Midbrain
  3. RHOMBencephalon
    - Hindbrain

Physiology II Exam 1 (10 decks)

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