CNS Development

Question 1

Cell potential at

1. Rest
2. Excitement
3. Inhibition

Answer 1

1. -65mV
2. -45mV
3. -70mV

Question 2

Spina Bifida Cystica

Answer 2

• Sac-like Cyst at CAUDAL end
• Spinal fxn may be impaired
• Bladder and bowel fxn may be impaired

Question 3

T/F: The Spinal cord encounters sensory information by the Cranial Nerves.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

T/F: All axons are myelinated

Answer 4

False, but they are covered by Schwann cells

Question 5

2 major branches of the Spinal nerves

Answer 5

• Dorsal Primary Ramus

- Ventral Primary Ramus

Question 6

Forms of Spina Bifida Cystica

Answer 6

1. Meningocele
   - meninges found in sac
2. Meningomyelocele
   - loss of sensation in lower limbs
   - lower extremity paralysis
3. Myeloschisis
   - Most Severe

Question 7

What is Anencephaly?

Answer 7

The failure of the Cranial end of the Neural tune to Close

Question 8

Arnold-Chiari Deformity

Answer 8

• Malformed Cerebellum and Medulla
• Deafness
• Muscle weakness

Question 9

Diencephalon structures

Answer 9

1. Epithalamus
2. Thalamus
3. Hypothalamus

Question 10

Secondary Afferent Neurons synapse where?

Answer 10

The THALAMUS

Question 11

Primary Afferent Neurons synapse where?

Answer 11

• In the POSTERIOR Horns of spinal cord

Or

• Sensory Nuclei in the Brain

Question 12

The ANS in Entirely ____ and can be divided into two subdivision: _____ and ______.

Answer 12

• Motor
• Sympathetic

&

• Parasympathetic

Question 13

Pentapartite brain sections

Answer 13

1A. TELENcephalon
- Most ANT

1B. DIENcephalon
- The “THROUGH” Brain

2. MESENcephalon

3A. METENcephalon

3B. MYELENcephalon
- Most POST

Question 14

Dendrites conduct what kind of AP?

Answer 14

LOCAL

Question 15

Ionotropic receptors vs Metabotropic receptors

Answer 15

I:
- Directly associated with Channel Proteins

M:
- Act by way of second messengers

Question 16

Holoprosencephaly

• Definition
• Characteristics

Answer 16

Def:
Failure for PROSencephalon to divide into 2 Cerebral Hemispheres

Char:

• Single orbit with 2 eyes
• Nose-like projection above eye
• Cleft lip/palate

Question 17

How many stages of Neural Tube Development?

Answer 17

3

Question 18

What is the ROOF of the MYELENcephalon Primordia

Answer 18

Choroid Plexus

Question 19

The 4 Parasympathetic Cranial Nerve fibers.

Answer 19

3

7

9

10

Question 20

Nerve Vs Tract

Answer 20

N:
- Bundle of axons in the PNS

T:
- Bundle of axons in the CNS

Question 21

Spina Bifida OCCULTA

Answer 21

• Hidden
• Results from a failure of the INF neuropore to close
• Spinal Cord function is NORMAL

Question 22

Diencephalon Fnxs

Answer 22

• Controls ANS
• Control Body temp
• Biorhythm oscillator

Question 23

Stage 2 of Neural Tube Development

Answer 23

• Neural plate thickens

- Neural Folds form

Question 24

General fxns categories of the brain?

Answer 24

• Sensory
• Motor
• Cognitive

Question 25

T/F: The spinal cord is the LAST relay station for most motor fxn except for the ANS

Answer 25

True

Question 26

SUP (Cranial) neuropore closes by day ____ and the INF neuropore closes by day ____.

Answer 26

1. 27 | 2. 30

Question 27

Stage 3 of Neural Tube Development

Answer 27

- Opposing ends fold - Forms a Neural Tube - Not completed at ANT end or POST end

Question 28

Nucleus vs Ganglion

Answer 28

N: Dendrites/cell bodies in the CNS G: Dendrites/cell bodies in the PNS

Question 29

White Ramus communicans

Answer 29

Carries Myelinated PRE-ganglionic fibers

Question 30

Commissure

Answer 30

Tract (CNS) that CROSSES from one side to the other

Question 31

Stage 1 of Neural Tube Development

Answer 31

Formation of the Neural Plate

Question 32

Tertiary Afferent Neurons synapse where?

Answer 32

Cerebral Cortex

Question 33

How many Cranial Nerves? Vs How many Spinal Nerves?

Answer 33

12 31

Question 34

T/F: CSF is continuously produced AND reabsorbed.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

What sensory stimuli does not pass through the Thalamus?

Answer 35

Smell

Question 36

Afferent pathways are usually _____ while Efferent pathways are usually _____.

Answer 36

- Sensory | - Motor

Question 37

Gray Ramus Communicans

Answer 37

Carries Unmyelinated POST-ganglionic fibers to Spinal nerve

Question 38

The CNS structures arise from what?

Answer 38

The Neural Tube

Question 39

Tripartite Brain Sections

Answer 39

1. PROSencephalon - Forebrain 2. MESencephalon - Midbrain 3. RHOMBencephalon - Hindbrain