CNS Development Flashcards
Cell potential at
- Rest
- Excitement
- Inhibition
- -65mV
- -45mV
- -70mV
Spina Bifida Cystica
- Sac-like Cyst at CAUDAL end
- Spinal fxn may be impaired
- Bladder and bowel fxn may be impaired
T/F: The Spinal cord encounters sensory information by the Cranial Nerves.
False
T/F: All axons are myelinated
False, but they are covered by Schwann cells
2 major branches of the Spinal nerves
- Dorsal Primary Ramus
- Ventral Primary Ramus
Forms of Spina Bifida Cystica
- Meningocele
- meninges found in sac - Meningomyelocele
- loss of sensation in lower limbs
- lower extremity paralysis - Myeloschisis
- Most Severe
What is Anencephaly?
The failure of the Cranial end of the Neural tune to Close
Arnold-Chiari Deformity
- Malformed Cerebellum and Medulla
- Deafness
- Muscle weakness
Diencephalon structures
- Epithalamus
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
Secondary Afferent Neurons synapse where?
The THALAMUS
Primary Afferent Neurons synapse where?
- In the POSTERIOR Horns of spinal cord
Or
- Sensory Nuclei in the Brain
The ANS in Entirely ____ and can be divided into two subdivision: _____ and ______.
- Motor
- Sympathetic
&
- Parasympathetic
Pentapartite brain sections
1A. TELENcephalon
- Most ANT
1B. DIENcephalon
- The “THROUGH” Brain
- MESENcephalon
3A. METENcephalon
3B. MYELENcephalon
- Most POST
Dendrites conduct what kind of AP?
LOCAL
Ionotropic receptors vs Metabotropic receptors
I:
- Directly associated with Channel Proteins
M:
- Act by way of second messengers
Holoprosencephaly
- Definition
- Characteristics
Def:
Failure for PROSencephalon to divide into 2 Cerebral Hemispheres
Char:
- Single orbit with 2 eyes
- Nose-like projection above eye
- Cleft lip/palate
How many stages of Neural Tube Development?
3
What is the ROOF of the MYELENcephalon Primordia
Choroid Plexus
The 4 Parasympathetic Cranial Nerve fibers.
3
7
9
10
Nerve Vs Tract
N:
- Bundle of axons in the PNS
T:
- Bundle of axons in the CNS
Spina Bifida OCCULTA
- Hidden
- Results from a failure of the INF neuropore to close
- Spinal Cord function is NORMAL
Diencephalon Fnxs
- Controls ANS
- Control Body temp
- Biorhythm oscillator
Stage 2 of Neural Tube Development
- Neural plate thickens
- Neural Folds form
General fxns categories of the brain?
- Sensory
- Motor
- Cognitive
T/F: The spinal cord is the LAST relay station for most motor fxn except for the ANS
True
SUP (Cranial) neuropore closes by day ____ and the INF neuropore closes by day ____.
- 27
2. 30
Stage 3 of Neural Tube Development
- Opposing ends fold
- Forms a Neural Tube
- Not completed at ANT end or POST end
Nucleus vs Ganglion
N:
Dendrites/cell bodies in the CNS
G:
Dendrites/cell bodies in the PNS
White Ramus communicans
Carries Myelinated PRE-ganglionic fibers
Commissure
Tract (CNS) that CROSSES from one side to the other
Stage 1 of Neural Tube Development
Formation of the Neural Plate
Tertiary Afferent Neurons synapse where?
Cerebral Cortex
How many Cranial Nerves?
Vs
How many Spinal Nerves?
12
31
T/F: CSF is continuously produced AND reabsorbed.
True
What sensory stimuli does not pass through the Thalamus?
Smell
Afferent pathways are usually _____ while Efferent pathways are usually _____.
- Sensory
- Motor
Gray Ramus Communicans
Carries Unmyelinated POST-ganglionic fibers to Spinal nerve
The CNS structures arise from what?
The Neural Tube
Tripartite Brain Sections
- PROSencephalon
- Forebrain - MESencephalon
- Midbrain - RHOMBencephalon
- Hindbrain
