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Map II test 1 > general review > Flashcards

general review Flashcards

1
Q

what type of cardiovascular drugs end in “-lol”?

A

beta blockers

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2
Q

what is the parameter for classifying HR at sinus bradycardia?

A

below 60

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3
Q

what is the parameter for classifying HR as sinus tachycardia?

A

above 100

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4
Q

what does the “-lol” drug ending mean?

A

beta blockers

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5
Q

what do beta blockers do?

A

keeps heart rate low

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6
Q

what do Ca+ channel blockers do?

A

keep heart from contracting too hard

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7
Q

what do low-pressure receptors do?

A

they minimize arterial pressure changes

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8
Q

what is the bainbridge reflex?

A

with increase in arterial pressure, will get an increase in HR and strength of contraction to prevent blood from “backing up” into system

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9
Q

what causes the largest rise in systemic arterial pressure?

A

the CNS ischemic response

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10
Q

what is the MAP threshold for chronic hypertension?

A

> 110 mmHg

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11
Q

when is renin released?

A

when BP drops too low

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12
Q

what is the cascade that happens when renin is released?

A

decreased arterial pressure –>Renin–>renin substrate–>angiotensin I–>angiotensin II (powerful vasoconstrictor) = retention of salt and water, vasoconstriction

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13
Q

what is an indirect effect of angiotensin?

A

causes adrenal glands to secrete aldosterone which increases salt/water reabsorption by kidneys

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14
Q

what are the cardinal manifestations for heart failure?

A

dyspnea, fatigue, fluid retention

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15
Q

what are the three categories of cardiomyopathy?

A

dilated, restrictive, hypertrophic

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16
Q

what is a dilated cardiomyopathy

A

ventricles are stretched and enlarged

17
Q

what is a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

the ventricle walls are thickened

18
Q

what is restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

the ventricle walls stiffen and lose flexibility

19
Q

does dilated cadiomyopathy increase or decrease LVEDP?

A

raise

20
Q

does dilated cadiomyopathy increase or decrease force of muscle contraction?

A

decrease

21
Q

is dilated cadiomyopathy concerned with systolic or diastolic?

A

systolic

22
Q

does hypertrophic cadiomyopathy increase or decrease LVEDP?

A

lower

23
Q

does hypertrophic cadiomyopathy increase or decrease force of muscle contraction?

A

increase

24
Q

is hypertrophic cadiomyopathy concerned with systolic or diastolic?

A

diastolic

25
Q

systolic dysfunction in HF addresses problems with _______

A

cardiac output

26
Q

diastolic dysfunction in HF addresses problems with

A

getting blood into the heart

27
Q

what are symptoms of right heart failure?

A

weight gain, peripheral edema, enlarged liver, jugular venous distention

28
Q

what are the symptoms of left heart failure?

A

dyspnea, orthopnea, decreased exercise tolerance

29
Q

would you expect to hear rales with left or right sided heart failure?

A

left side

30
Q

what are some ways the heart compensates for HF?

A

increase MAP, moderate fluid retention, increase LVEDP, decrease stroke volume, decrease contractility

31
Q

What is a diagnostic marker of heart failure?

A

BNP (this inhibits RAAS)

32
Q

what is the HF triple drug cocktail?

A

ACE inhibitor, diuretic, beta-blocker

33
Q

what type of drugs end in “-pines”?

A

Ca+ channel blockers

34
Q

what type of drugs end in “-pril”?

A

ACE inhibitor

35
Q

what drugs do we use to treat angina?

A

nitrates, beta blockers, and Ca channel blockers

36
Q

what 5 drugs should a post-stent patient be on?

A

aspirin, beta-blocker, ACE-inhibitor, blood thinner, and statin

37
Q

what is the purpose of a beta-blocker?

A

reduce blood pressure

38
Q

what is the purpose of an ACE-inhibitor?

A

inhibits vasoconstriction (keeps BP down)

39
Q

what is the purpose of a statin?

A

reduce LDL

Map II test 1 (9 decks)

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