General Psychology: Chapter 4+5 - Consciousness and Learning

Question 1

What is the Cocktail party affect?

Answer 1

Brain focusing on a particular stimulus typically auditory.
Ex. Your at a party with multiple conversations going on and you tune out all the other stimuli around you to only hear the conversation in front of you.

Question 2

What happens to task performance while multitasking?

Answer 2

It falters and taxes the brain due to the constant switches between tasks.

Question 3

Circadian rhythms: What happens in the absence of time cues?

Answer 3

With the absences of time cues the cycle run closer to 24.2 hrs.

Question 4

Where is the Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located?

Answer 4

Located in the Hypothalamus.

Question 5

Exposure to light/dark and melatonin production.

Answer 5

During the day (in the light) melatonin is low with in the pineal gland, while during the night (dark) it increases.

Question 6

Pineal Gland

Answer 6

Located in the brain. Described as a “third eye” due to its ability to know when it light and dark and to release melatonin.

Question 7

Hypnogogic Hallucination

Answer 7

Brief hallucination before falling asleep.
Examples include a sensation of impending threat, feelings of suffocation, and sensations of floating, spinning, or falling

Question 8

What is sleep paralysis?

Answer 8

Being conscious but being paralyzed. Typically happens when being in between wakefulness and sleep.

Question 9

REM (What does it stand for?)

Answer 9

Rapid Eye Movement: eyes move around rapidly eyes when sleeping and your brain activity is the same as if your wake.

Question 10

Theories on why we sleep.
Adaptive (evolutionary theory)

Answer 10

Sleep emerges in evolution to preserve energy and protect from harm during a time of day there is considerable danger.

Question 11

Theories on why we sleep.
Restoration Theory

Answer 11

Sleep helps us restore body and mind.

Question 12

Effects of Sleep Deprivation

Answer 12

Can affect mood, mental abilities, reaction time, perception, health and motor skills.
Changes in hormone levels and increase in stress hormones.
Reduced immune system effectiveness.
Metabolic Changes linked to obesity and diabetes.
Can affect academic and mental health.

Question 13

What happens during each stage of sleep?
Stage 1,2,3 and NREM.

Answer 13

Stage 1: Drowsiness (First 5-10 minutes)
Stage 2: Light sleep (Last 20 minutes)
Stage 3: Deep sleep (Last 30 minutes)
REM SLEEP
NREM: Non rapid eye movement

Question 14

Microsleeps?

Answer 14

Sleeps that are measure in seconds. They are short and you don’t fall asleep but its a pull away briefly of consciousness.

Question 15

REM Rebound

Answer 15

Increased frequency, depth, and intensity of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep following sleep deprivation or significant stressors.

Question 16

What stage of sleep do parasomnia occur in?

Answer 16

REM sleep later into sleep.