Chapters 8 Flashcards
Theories of Motivation:
Instinct Theory
The view that certain human behaviors are innate and due to evolutionary programming.
Ex. If a baby is crying all night the mother will care for it and won’t sleep until its calmed down.
Theories of Motivation:
Drive Theory
The view that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs.
Ex maintaining the body. Eating when hunger, putting on a sweater when cold, etc.
Theories of Motivation:
Incentive Motivation
The view that people are motivated by the pull of external goals such as rewards.
Ex. Doing well in school so that you get a good job or a good grade that leads to money.
Theories of Motivation:
Arousal theory
The view that people are motivated to maintain a level of arousal that is optimal.
Ex. Feeling as though nothing exciting is going on in your life and needing different stimulation to get you going again like going out to the club and celebrating something, to boost up arousal levels.
Theories of Motivation:
Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory
Optimal human functioning can only occur if our psychological needs are met.
3 Psychological needs:
Autonomy, competence and relatedness
Personal growth, self motivation to do something for yourself. Such as wanting to exercise to improve yourself.
Theories of Motivation:
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Level 1 needs (Physiological): Food, warmth, water, rest.
Level 2 needs (Safety and security):Security and safety.
Level 3 needs (Need to belong and be loved): Intimate relationships, friends.
Level 4 needs (Esteem): Prestige and feelings of accomplishment.
Level 5 needs (self-actualization): Achieving one’s full potential, including creative activities.
Theories of motivation:
Intrinsic Motivation
Motivation is internal: personal reasons for motivation.
Theories of Motivation:
Extrinsic Motivation
Motication comes from outside factors
CCK (Cholecystokinin)
Promotes Satiation” Secreted from stomach
Ghreline
Hunger hormone: rises before a meal.
Glucose (Blood sugar)
A simple sugar which is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.
Basal metabolic rate (bMR)
When the body is at rest, the rate at which it uses energy for vital functions, such as heartrate or respiration.
Components of emotion:
Physiological response
Bodily arousal-increased heartrate, muscle tension, respiration.
Components of emotion:
Subjective Experience
Feelings of happiness, anger, fear, etc
Components of emotion:
Behavioral/Expressive Response
Facial Expression, behavioral response
Display rules
Showing certain emotions in certain scenarios based on underlying societal rules for how to react.
Sympathetic Nervous System
A network of nerves that helps your body activate its “fight-or-flight” response.
Emotions Experienced by People Born Blind and Deaf
the emotions experienced by people born deaf or blind do not differ from those that seeing and hearing people experience.
Role of the amygdala in assessing fear and threatening or fearful faces.
Detection of threat and activation of appropriate fear-related behaviors in response to threatening or dangerous stimuli.
Theories of Emotion:
James-Lange Theory
We perceive a stimulus, then we experience physiological and behavioral changes, and then we interpret our physiological arousal and behavioral response as a certain emotion
Theories of Emotion:
Schachter and singer’s tow factor theory of emotion
We feel emotion based on physiological arousal and cognitive label for the arousal.
Theories of Emotion:
Lazarus’s Cognitive Appraisal theory
Emotions result from the cognitive appraisal of a situation’s effect on personal well-being.
Similar to two-factor, but cognitive appraisal theory’s emphasis is on the cognitive appraisal of the situation or stimulus as the essential trigger for the emotional response
Facial Feedback Hypnosis
Individuals’ emotional experiences are influenced by their facial expressions.
