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GENERAL PARASITOLOGY (LEC 1) Flashcards

1
Q

area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another

A

Parasitology

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2
Q

deals with parasites which infect man, the diseases they produce, the response generated by him against them and various methods of diagnosis and prevention

A

Clinical (Medical) Parasitology

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3
Q

an organism that is entirely dependent on another organism (host) for all or part of its life cycle and metabolic requirements.

A

Parasites

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4
Q

examples of Microparasites

A

Bacteria, Protozoans, Viruses

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5
Q

2 types of Parasites

A

Microparasites and Macroparasites

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6
Q

What are the types of Helminths?

A

Roundworms, Flukes, Tapeworms, Thorny-headed worms

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7
Q

generally infects the bile ducts, liver, or blood

A

Flukes (trematodes)

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7
Q

can cause infection in the intestines or the body

A

Roundworms (nematodes)

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8
Q

mainly infects animals, rarely can infect humans

A

Thorny-headed worms

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9
Q

Classification of Parasites according to LOCATION

A

Ectoparasites and Endoparasites

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9
Q

Ectoparasite causes what disease?

A

Infestation

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10
Q

lives on the surface of the skin/temporarily invade superficial tissues of the host

A

Ectoparasites

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11
Q

Examples of Ectoparasites
* Mites

A

Mesostigamata
Prostigamata
Astigmata

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12
Q

Not all parasites cause disease/infection. True or False

A

True

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13
Q

Although the presence of parasites signify that there’s no problem in sanitation of people. There is no actual public health concern.

A

False

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14
Q

refers to a part of parasite that shows the segments with a strobila

A

Proglottids

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15
Q

Head of the parasite

A

Scolex

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16
Q

Segmented part of parasite

A

Strobila

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17
Q

stages of HELMINTHS

A

egg-larva-adult

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18
Q

stages of PROTOZOANS

A

Most: cysts-trophozoites
Some: has young trophozoites, mature trophozoites, gametocytes

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19
Q

Examples of Ectoparasites
*Mosquitoes

A

Anopheles spp.
Aedes spp.
Culex spp.
Mansonia spp.

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20
Q

Where is the sex organ of the mosquito found?

A

Antenae

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21
Q

Which is more harmful, a female mosquito or a male mosquito

A

Female - nangangagat because it needs blood (reproduce)

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22
Q

Male mosquitoes’ antenae structure

A

Thick bushy

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23
Q

Female mosquitoes’ antenae structure

A

Thin, bushy

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24
Q

Male cockroach

A

Small bumps on the underside of their abdomen

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25
Q

Female Cockroach

A

Abdomen, although not visible, ovipositor

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26
Q

Young parasite’s morphology is completely different from adult

A

Complete Metamorphosis

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27
Q

Young cockroach

A

Nymph

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28
Q

Mature cockroach

A

Adult

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29
Q

Examples of Ectoparasites
*Ticks (Metastigmata)

A

Argasidae
Ixodidae

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30
Q

parasites that live within the host

A

Endoparasites

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31
Q

Endoparasites causes what type of disease

A

Infection

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32
Q

All protozoans and helminths are endoparasites

A

True

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33
Q

organisms that under favorable circumstances may live either parasitic or free-living existence

A

Facultative parasite

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34
Q

organisms that attack an unusual host

A

Accidental parasites

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35
Q

organisms that attack a host where they cannot live or develop further

A

Aberrant parasites

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36
Q

non-parasitic stages of existence which are lived independently of a host

A

Free living Parasites

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37
Q

Remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life

A

Permanent parasites

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38
Q

Examples of Macroparasites

A

Helminths

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39
Q

small, unicellular; multiplies within vertebrate host

A

Microparasites

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40
Q

large, multicellular; no direct reproduction within its vertebrate host

A

Macroparasites

41
Q

organisms that cannot exist without a host

A

Obligate parasites

42
Q

Lives on the host only for a short period of time

A

Temporary parasites

43
Q

Protozoans and Helminths are temporary parasites. True or False.

44
Q

Classification of parasite according to BODY SHAPE

A

Amoebid
Cylindrical
Flat

45
Q

Classification of parasite according to DISEASE SPECTRUM

A

Acute
Chronic
Commensal
Opportunistic

46
Q

Classification of parasite according to HABITAT

A

Blood
Eye
Lymphatics
Skin

47
Q

Classification of parasite according to MODE OF TRANSMISSION

A

Fecal-Oral
Skin penetration
Soil-transmitted

48
Q

Parasites Subkingdom

A

Helminths and Protozoan

49
Q

Parasites Subkingdom

A

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Nematoda (roundworms)

50
Q

Helminths Phylum

A

Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
Nematoda (roundworms)

51
Q

Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Classes

A

Cestoda (tapeworms)
Trematoda (flukes)

52
Q

Protozoans Phylum

A

Sarcomastigophora
Ciliophora
Apicomplexa
Microspora

53
Q

Sarcomastigophora Subphylum

A

Sarcodina (Amoebas)
Mastigophora (Flagellates)

54
Q

Sarcodina with pseudopods (false feet)

A

Free Living (Acanthamoeba & Naegleria)
Intestinal (Entamoeba)

55
Q

Mastigaphora with flagella

A

Intestinal (Trichomonas)
Blood (Leishmania & Trypanosoma)

56
Q

Ciliophora with thread-like extension (cilia)

A

Intestinal (Balantidium)

57
Q

Apicomplexa Classes

A

Sporozoa
Coccidia

58
Q

Sporozoa (blood parasite)

A

Plasmodium
Babesia

59
Q

Coccidia (intestinal parasite)

A

Crystosporidium
Cyclospora
Cystoisospora

60
Q

Tissue parasites

A

Sarcocystis
Toxoplasma

61
Q

Microspora

A

Intestinal & Organs parasites

62
Q

organism that harbors the parasite and provides nourishment and shelter to the latter

63
Q

Types of Hosts

A

Definitive Host
Intermediate Host
Paratenic Host
Reservoir Host
Incidental Host

64
Q

✓where sexual reproduction occurs
✓ which most highly developed form of the parasite occurs

A

definitive host

65
Q

When the most mature form is not obvious, the definitive host is the mammalian host. True or False

66
Q

In taeniasis, humans are the _________host

A

Definitive

67
Q

where the larval or asexual stages of a parasite is found

A

intermediate host

68
Q

Pigs and Cattles serve as _______ host of taenia spp.

A

Intermediate

69
Q

where the larval stage of a parasite survives but does not develop further

A

Paratenic host

70
Q

harbors the parasite and serves as an important source of infection to other susceptible host

A

Reservoir host

71
Q

Reservoir of Balantidium coli

72
Q

Reservoir host of Paragonimus westermani

A

Field rats

73
Q

Reservoir of Brugia malayi

74
Q

A host in which a pathogen or parasite can grow and cause disease but not be transmitted to other hosts.

A

Incidental Host

75
Q

Protozoans with NO intermediate host

A

✓ Entamoeba histolytica
✓ Giardia lamblia
✓ Chilomastix mesnili
✓Balantidium coli
✓Trichomonas vaginalis

76
Q

Helminths with NO intermediate host

A

✓Enterebius vermicularis
✓Hymenolepis nana
✓STHs (A. lumbricoides, T. Trichiura, Hookworms

77
Q

Parasites with 1 intermediate host

A

✓Dipylidium caninum
✓Hymenolepis diminuta
✓Echinococcus granulosus
✓Plasmodium spp.
✓Taenia solium
✓ Trichinella spiralis
✓ T. saginatta
✓ Trypanosoma cruzi
✓ Brugia malayi
✓Wuchureria bancrofti
✓ Schistosoma spp.
✓Dracunculus medinensis
✓ Leishmania
✓ Trypanosoma spp
✓ Loa loa
✓ Onchocerca volvulus

78
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta host

79
Q

Plasmodium spp host

80
Q

Trichinella spiralis host

81
Q

Trichinella saginata host

82
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi host

A

triatoma bug

83
Q

other name for triatoma bug

A

Reduviid bug/Triatonim bug/Kissing bug/ Asassin bug

84
Q

Brugia malayi host

A

Mosquito: Aedes, Anopheles in rural areas; Culex quinquefasciatus in urban areas

85
Q

Schistosoma spp host

86
Q

Dracunculus medinensis host

A

Copepod (Water Flea)

87
Q

Trypanosoma spp host

A

Tsetse fly: Glossina spp

88
Q

Loa loa host

A

Chrysops/ deer fly/ mango fly/ tabanid fly: C. dimidiate, C. silacea

89
Q

Onchocerca volvulus host

A

Simulium/black fly

90
Q

Parasites with 2 intermediate host

A

✓Clonorchis sinensis
✓Diphyllobotrium latum
✓ Fasciola spp
✓Paragonimus westermani

91
Q

2 hosts of Clonorchis sinensis

A

snail &fish

92
Q

2 hosts of Diphyllobothrium latum

A

cyclops & fish

93
Q

2 hosts of Fasciola spp

A

snail & plant

94
Q

2 hosts of Paragonimus westermani

A

snail and freshwater crustaceans

95
Q

Mosquito spp differentiation

A

Nasa pedipalp nila (parang beak)

96
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi causes

A

American trypanosomiasis /Chaga’s Disease

97
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum causes

A

Cryptosporidiosis

98
Q

F. hepatica and F. gigantica causes

A

Fascioliasis

99
Q

Echinococcus granulosus causes

A

Hydatid Disease

100
Q

Leishmania spp. causes

A

Leishmaniasis

101
Q

S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. mansoni causes

A

Schistosomiasis

102
Q

Trichinella spiralis causes

A

Trichinosis

GENERAL PARASITOLOGY (7 decks)

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