General Organisation of the Head and Neck Flashcards
how many layers of fascia are there in the neck
1 superficial cervical fascia and 3 deep
what are the 3 deep fascia in the neck
investing layer, pre-tracheal layer and the pre-vertebral layer
what is contained in the superficial cervical fascia
lymph nodes, fat, nerves, blood vessels and platysma
where is the retropharyngeal space found
behind the buccopharyngeal membrane and the pre-vertebral membrane
what are the symptoms of a retropharyngeal abscess
difficultly swallowing, painful movement of the neck
what is enclosed in the carotid sheath
carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve and phrenic nerve
what forms the anterior triangle in the neck
anterior border of SCM, midline of the neck and lower margin of the mandible
what forms the posterior triangle in the neck
posterior border of SCM, anterior border of trapezius and the clavicle
what forms the carotid triangle
anterior border of SCM, posterior border of omohyoid and inferior border of digastric
which cranial nerve root is the trigeminal nerve
5
which cranial nerve root is the facial nerve
7
which cranial nerve root is the accessory nerve from
11
what are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve
ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular
what are the 5 roots of the facial nerve
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
what does the trigeminal nerve supply
sensory innervation to the face and motor innervation of the muscles of mastication
what does the facial nerve supply
motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression
which muscles are supplied by the accessory nerve
trapezius and SCM
how do you test the function of the accessory nerve
shrugging shoulders and rotating head against pressure
what do muscles of mastication do
atto open or close the mouth
what are the 4 muscles of mastication
lateral and medial pterygoids, masseter and temporalis
what do the pterygoids do?
cause jaw depression, opening the jaw
what branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies the masticators
the mandibular
what does the masseter do?
elevates the jaw to close it
what does the temporalis do?
elevates the jaw to close it
how do you test the temporalis
palpate a clenched jaw
how do you test the masseter
ask to clench teeth
how do you test the pterygoids
get the patient to open their mouth against resistance
where is the platysma found
embedded in the superficial cervical fascia
what does the platysma do
tenses neck, assits in jaw depression, mouth depression
how do you test for platysma
ask patient to tense their neck
what does the oribcularis oculi do
close the eye
which branches innervate the orbicularis oculi
temporal and zygomatic branches
how do you test the orbacularis oculi
ask the patient to close eyes tight against resistance
what does the buccinator do
flattens the cheek to help chewing
what branch supplies the buccinator
buccal branch
how do you test the action of buccinator
blowing out cheeks and resisting expulsion of air
what does orbicularis oris do
closes the mouth
which branch supplies orbicularis oris
buccal branch
howdy you test the action of orbicularis oris
look for the mouth drooping
what does occipitofrontalis do
raises the eyebrows
where does the sternocleidomastoid originate and attach
originates from the sternum and clavicle and attaches to the mastoid process
what does the sternocleidomastoid do
lateral flexion giving contralateral neck tilting
