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Head and Neck > General Organisation of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

General Organisation of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

how many layers of fascia are there in the neck

A

1 superficial cervical fascia and 3 deep

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2
Q

what are the 3 deep fascia in the neck

A

investing layer, pre-tracheal layer and the pre-vertebral layer

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3
Q

what is contained in the superficial cervical fascia

A

lymph nodes, fat, nerves, blood vessels and platysma

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4
Q

where is the retropharyngeal space found

A

behind the buccopharyngeal membrane and the pre-vertebral membrane

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5
Q

what are the symptoms of a retropharyngeal abscess

A

difficultly swallowing, painful movement of the neck

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6
Q

what is enclosed in the carotid sheath

A

carotid artery, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve and phrenic nerve

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7
Q

what forms the anterior triangle in the neck

A

anterior border of SCM, midline of the neck and lower margin of the mandible

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8
Q

what forms the posterior triangle in the neck

A

posterior border of SCM, anterior border of trapezius and the clavicle

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9
Q

what forms the carotid triangle

A

anterior border of SCM, posterior border of omohyoid and inferior border of digastric

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10
Q

which cranial nerve root is the trigeminal nerve

A

5

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11
Q

which cranial nerve root is the facial nerve

A

7

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12
Q

which cranial nerve root is the accessory nerve from

A

11

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13
Q

what are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve

A

ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

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14
Q

what are the 5 roots of the facial nerve

A

temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical

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15
Q

what does the trigeminal nerve supply

A

sensory innervation to the face and motor innervation of the muscles of mastication

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16
Q

what does the facial nerve supply

A

motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression

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17
Q

which muscles are supplied by the accessory nerve

A

trapezius and SCM

18
Q

how do you test the function of the accessory nerve

A

shrugging shoulders and rotating head against pressure

19
Q

what do muscles of mastication do

A

atto open or close the mouth

20
Q

what are the 4 muscles of mastication

A

lateral and medial pterygoids, masseter and temporalis

21
Q

what do the pterygoids do?

A

cause jaw depression, opening the jaw

22
Q

what branch of the trigeminal nerve supplies the masticators

A

the mandibular

23
Q

what does the masseter do?

A

elevates the jaw to close it

24
Q

what does the temporalis do?

A

elevates the jaw to close it

25
Q

how do you test the temporalis

A

palpate a clenched jaw

26
Q

how do you test the masseter

A

ask to clench teeth

27
Q

how do you test the pterygoids

A

get the patient to open their mouth against resistance

28
Q

where is the platysma found

A

embedded in the superficial cervical fascia

29
Q

what does the platysma do

A

tenses neck, assits in jaw depression, mouth depression

30
Q

how do you test for platysma

A

ask patient to tense their neck

31
Q

what does the oribcularis oculi do

A

close the eye

32
Q

which branches innervate the orbicularis oculi

A

temporal and zygomatic branches

33
Q

how do you test the orbacularis oculi

A

ask the patient to close eyes tight against resistance

34
Q

what does the buccinator do

A

flattens the cheek to help chewing

35
Q

what branch supplies the buccinator

A

buccal branch

36
Q

how do you test the action of buccinator

A

blowing out cheeks and resisting expulsion of air

37
Q

what does orbicularis oris do

A

closes the mouth

38
Q

which branch supplies orbicularis oris

A

buccal branch

39
Q

howdy you test the action of orbicularis oris

A

look for the mouth drooping

40
Q

what does occipitofrontalis do

A

raises the eyebrows

41
Q

where does the sternocleidomastoid originate and attach

A

originates from the sternum and clavicle and attaches to the mastoid process

42
Q

what does the sternocleidomastoid do

A

lateral flexion giving contralateral neck tilting

Head and Neck (13 decks)

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