Blood Vessels and Lymphatics

Question 1

what nerve goes under the arch of the aorta

Answer 1

the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 2

where does the common carotid artery bifurcate

Answer 2

lateral to the superior border of the thyroid cartilage

Question 3

what artery does the vertebral artery branch from

Answer 3

subclavian

Question 4

what do the vertebral arteries run through

Answer 4

the vertebral foramen

Question 5

what do the 2 vertebral artery join to form

Answer 5

the basilar artery

Question 6

what is the carotid sinus

Answer 6

a swelling at the bifurcation of the carotid artery where baroreceptors are found

Question 7

when would you give a carotid massage

Answer 7

supra-ventricular tachycardia as it causes the heart to slow down to induce sinus rhythm

Question 8

what could result from an atheroma at the bifurcation of the carotid artery

Answer 8

embolus to the brain causing TIA or stroke

Question 9

what canal does the internal carotid artery run through

Answer 9

the carotid canal

Question 10

how many branches of the external carotid artery are there

Answer 10

8

Question 11

name the branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 11

superior temporal, maxillary, occipital, superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal, posterior auricular

Question 12

what blood vessels supply the scalp

Answer 12

internal - supra-orbital and supratrochlear

external - superficial temporal, posterior auricular, occipital

Question 13

what does the maxillary artery branch into

Answer 13

the middle meningeal artery and sphenopalatine

Question 14

which foramen does the middle meningeal artery run through?

Answer 14

the spinosum

Question 15

what does the middle meningeal artery supply

Answer 15

skull and dura

Question 16

what does the sphenopalatine supply

Answer 16

nasal septum

Question 17

which vein is used to measure jugular venous pressure and why

Answer 17

internal jugular vein as it gives the best indication of the pressure in the right atrium

Question 18

what do emissary veins connect

Answer 18

the scalp and the dural sinuses

Question 19

why can infection spread intracranially from the scalp

Answer 19

as emissary veins are valveless so can’t stop the infection coming into the brain

Question 20

how do the supra-orbital and supratrochlear vein drain

Answer 20

they come together to form the angular vein which drains into the facial vein

Question 21

what is Waldeyer’s ring

Answer 21

a collection of lymphoid tissue of the tonsils

Question 22

where do the tonsils lymphoid tissue drain into

Answer 22

retorpharyngeal lymph node

Question 23

what does a tender enlargement of a lymph node suggest

Answer 23

infection

Question 24

what does a hard enlargemnt of the lymph nodes suggest

Answer 24

cancer

Question 25

what lymph nodes might enlarge with an ulcer

Answer 25

submental

Question 26

what lymph nodes may enlarge with tongue cancer

Answer 26

jugulo-omohyoid

Question 27

what lymph nodes may enlarge with tonsillitis

Answer 27

jugulo-digastric

Question 28

which lymph nodes may enlarge with conjunctivitis

Answer 28

pre auricular