general Neuro stuff Flashcards
what is a dermatome
an area of skin innervated by a nerve root
what is a myotome
an area of muscle that is innervated by a nerve root
what is a reflex
a muscle contraction response to stretching within a muscle
what is Paresthesia
abnormal sensation
what is anesthesia
complete loss of touch sensation
what is hypoesthesia
partial loss of touch sensation
what is hyperesthesia
increased touch sensation
what is analgesia
total loss of pain sensation
what is hypoalgesia
partial loss of pain sensation
what is hyperalgesia
increased pain sensation
describe Neuropraxia
no structural damage to the nerve, just slight damage to myelin sheath. no wallerian degeneration
describe axonotmesis
the endoneurial tube remains intact, but the axon if damaged. Wallerian degeneration has occurred
describe Neurotmesis
the nerve has likely been severed, and the endoneurial tube is no longer intact. Wallerian degeneration has occurred. surgery is required
what are the neurological red flags?
headache (sudden & severe) or head injury.
dizziness/vertigo, nausea/vomiting
seizures or tremors
weakness and/or severe lack of coordination
difficulty swallowing or speaking
significant past history
Nystagmus (eyes rapidly moving left and right)
loss of consciousness
loss of bowel/bladder control
there are 7 dermatomes that can be considered the “highlights” what are they
C1: none C2: back of head T4: nipple line T10: umbilicus L1: groin L5: top of foot S1: sole of foot/lateral foot
