assesment intro Flashcards
What is HOPMNRS
patient History Observation Palpation Movement Neurological Referred pain Special tests
what is MNOPQRST
Mechanism of injury Narrative Onset Position Quality Radiating Severity Timing Previous treatments Medications
what is a Dermatome
a area of skin that a single nerve innervates
what is a myotome
a group of muscles a single nerve innervates
what is peripheralization of pain?
pain that enlarges or becomes more distal
what is Centralization of pain?
pain that becomes smaller or more localized
What are some Cancer red flags
persistent pain at night, constant pain anywhere in body, unexplained weight loss, loss of appetite, unusual lumps or growths, unwarranted fatigue
what are some Cardiovascular red flags
shortness of breathe, dizziness, pain or heaviness feeling in chest, pulsating pain, constant or severe pain in lower leg or arm, discoloured or painful feet, swelling with no injury
what are some GI/GU red flags
frequent or severe abdominal pain, frequent heartburn or indigestion, frequent nausea or vomiting, change in bowel or bladder function, unusual menstrual irregularities
what are some neurological red flags
changes in hearing, frequent or severe headaches with no injury, problems swallowing, changes in speech, changes in vision, problems with balance/coordination, falling or faint spells, sudden weakness
miscellaneous red flags
fever or night sweats, recent severe emotional disturbances, swelling or redness in any joint without history of injury, pregnancy
yellow flags include
abnormal signs and symptoms, bilateral symptoms, peripheralization, neurological symptoms, multiple nerve root involvement, abnormal sensation patterns, saddle anesthesia, upper motor neuron symptoms, fainting or drop attacks, vertigo
What does constant pain suggest?
suggests chemical irritation, tumors or possible visceral lesions
what is episodic pain
related so specific activities, this type of pain is more mechanical and related to movement
what is acute
symptoms that have been present for 7-10 days
what is subacute
symptoms that have been present for 10 days to 7 weeks
what is chronic
symptoms that have been present for longer than 7 weeks
there are 5 types of pain patterns what are they
dermal pain, sclerotomic pain, visceral pain, radicular pain, phantom pain
where does dermal pain come from
from the soft tissues, usually well localized
where does sclerotomic pain come from
from deep somatic tissues typically deep, aching & somewhat localized
where does visceral pain come from
from internal organ capsule distension, deep cramping, pain may be sharp at times, poorly localized. can be immobilizing
where does radicular pain come from
from nerve roots, described as shooting, eletrical or burning pain and in a dermatomal pattern
where does phantom pain come from
arises from direct changes in neural pathways & perception of the brain
