Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Final > General Logic Module 2 > Flashcards

General Logic Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Subject

A

Whales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Predicate

A

Mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Copula

A

Are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A (Universal Affirmative)

A

All dogs are mammals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

E ( Universal Negative) / (Singular negative)

A

No dogs are fishes.

Patton is not a general who always fails.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

I ( Particular Affirmative)

A

Some dogs are small.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

O (Particular Negative)

A

Some dogs are not small.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Affirmative or negative

A

Quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Quantity

A

All S are P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Particular

A

Some S are P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Standard form of Categorical statement:

A

Quantifier + Subject + Copula + Predicate

No Americans are poor.

All Americans are previllaged man.
.
Some Republicans are cowards.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Identify the subject

A

Ask what the statement is about.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Copula for “do not”

A

Are not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Quantifier for Joh F Kennedy

A

Or no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contrary: All S are P.

A

No S is P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Contradictory: All S are P

A

Some S are not P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Contradictory:
Some S are P

A

No S is P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Subalternate: All S are P

A

Some S are P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Subalternate: No S is P

A

Some S are not P.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Subcontrary : All S are P

A

No S is P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Subcontraries: Some S are P

A

Some S are not P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Universal statements lack existential import:

A

their truth does not depends on the existence of S .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Particular statements have existential import

A

Their truth does depends on the existence of S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Conversion ( diagram must be the same.)

Some Englishmen are heavy drinkers

A

Some heavy drinkers are Englishmen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The converse of of the A proposition is illegitimate. You can say : all pickpockets are criminals., but you can not say all criminals are pickpockets.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The the converse of an a proposition is called

A

The fallacy of illicit conversion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The conversion of the. Proposing is also inconsistent. Some human beings are Americans.

A

Some Americans are not human beings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Obverse of A : All sandpaper is an abrasive thing.

A

E: No sandpaper is a non abrasive thing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Obverse of I: Some people are kind persons.

A

O: Some people are not unkind persons.

30
Q

Obverse of E: No machine is a conscious being.

A

A: All machines are nonconscious beings.

31
Q

Obverse of O: Some chemicals are not toxic substances.

A

I: Some chemicals are nontoxic substances.

32
Q

The compliment of mature is not un mature but non mature.

A
33
Q

Compliment

A

For every class C, there is a complementary class composed of everything else, everything not included in C. This is called the complement of C, and it is usually labeled “non-C”

34
Q

Contraposition:
All Israelis are Jews.

A

All non Jews are non Israelis.

35
Q

Contrapositive of an A proposition: All Americans are conservatives. (Equivalent)

A

All non Americans are non conservative.

36
Q

Contrapositive of an A proposition: All non-Americans are non-conservatives. (Equivalent)

A

All conservatives are Americans.

37
Q

Contrapositive: No non-novels are non poem. (Equivalent)

A

No Poems are novels

38
Q

Contrapositive A: All S are P

A

All non-P are non-S (Equivalent)

39
Q

Contrapositive E: No S is P

A

No non Pis non-S. (Non equivalent)

40
Q

Contrapositive I: Some S are P

A

Some non P are non S. (Non equivalent)

41
Q

Contrapositive E: Some S are not P

A

Some non-P are not non-S

42
Q

Contrapositive: All non P are non S.

A

All S are P (equivalent)

43
Q

Contrapositive : No-non P is non S

A

No S is P (Equivalent)

44
Q

Contrapositive: Some non Pare non S

A

Some S are P (Equivalent)

45
Q

Contrapositive: Some non-P are not non-S

A

Some S are not P

46
Q

Obverse: Some S are not P

A

Some S are non P. (Equivalent)

47
Q

Major premise

A

The term that occurs in the predicate of the conclusion

48
Q

Minor premise

A

The term that occurs in the subject of the conclusion.

49
Q

Middle term

A

The term occurs once in each of the premises and term, because it unks together the major and minor terms.

50
Q

Middle term

A

The term occurs once in each of the premises and term, because it unks together the major and minor terms.

51
Q

Middle term

A

The term occurs once in each of the premises and term, because it unks together the major and minor terms.

52
Q

S

A

Minor term

53
Q

S

A

Minor term

54
Q

P

A

Major term

55
Q

M

A

Middle term

56
Q

Mood

A

The list of major term, minor term and Middle term

57
Q

Figure

A

Position of middle term

58
Q

Distributed

A

A term is distributed in a categorical statement if the statement makes an assertion about all members of the class designated by the term. If not, the term is undistributed.

59
Q

S is distributed

A

All S are P or No S is P

60
Q

P is distributed

A

No S is P

Some S are not P

61
Q

P is umdistributed

A

All S are P or Some S are P

62
Q

For each proposition below, find the converse, obverse, or contrapositive as indicated in parentheses, and state (do not use Venn diagrams) whether the resulting proposition is equivalent to the original.

A

Chat gpt , not equivalent and non equivalent

63
Q

The subject term the distributed in A&E statement

A
64
Q

Rule No 1.

A

The subject term is distributed in A and E statements

All dogs are mammals ( all dogs)
No dog is mammals (all dogs)

The predicate term is distributed in E and O statements.

No dogs are fish. ( all fishes)
Some dogs are not small (animals). ( all small animals).

Neither subject nor predicate term is distributed in I statements.

Some dogs are small (animals). (Some dog and some small animals)

65
Q

Rule No. 1 ( Undistributed middle)

A

The middle term ( The term occurs once in each of the premises and term) must be distributed in at least in one of the two (major or minor) premises.

66
Q

Rule 2 ( illicit minor term).

I should look to the conclusion to solve the problem .

A

If the major term in the conclusion is distributed, then the argument is valid only if the major term in major premise is distributed.

Some candidates (undistributed) are witnesses.
Some lawyers are witnesses.
Some lawyers are not candidates (all candidates distributed) .

If the minor term in the conclusion is distributed, then the argument is valid only if the minor term in the minor premise is distribute.

67
Q

Rule 3 ( Two negative)

Major premises and Minor premises cannot be both negative.

A

A syllogism is valid only if at least one of the premises is not negative.

No mammals are reptiles.
No whales are reptiles
No whales are mammals.

68
Q

Rule 4

A

If a syllogism contains a negative premise, then it is valid only if the conclusion is
negative.

If a syllogism contains a negative conclusion, then it is valid only if one of the premises is negative.

No athletes are people who drink Gatorade. (Negative)
Some people who drink Gatorade are not philosophers.
Some philosophers are athletes.(Positive)

69
Q

Valid if the conclusion is a Universal statement (Diagram)

A

If the diagram of the premises shades must include

at least same portions that the diagram of the conclusion shades.

70
Q

Valid if the conclusion is a particular statement.

In the diagram of the conclusion, the X will always be on the line

A

In the diagram of the conclusion, the X will always be on the line.

if in the diagram of the premises there is one X on a line,

then the argument is valid only if the X in the diagram of the conclusion is on the same line in the same place.

Or

if the X in the diagram of the premises is in one of the two places where the diagram of the conclusion allows

the X to be, then the argument is valid.

71
Q

In Valid if the conclusion is a particular statement.

A

if in the diagram of the premises there are two Xs on lines, then the argument is invalid

Final (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions