General Hormones Flashcards
Local regulators
Chemical messengers that Act on nearby cells
Def hormones
Chemicals produced by cells in one part of body that regulate the processes of cells in another
Role of endocrine system and how does it perform the role
Secrete hormones
Regulate and coordinate long term functions of organs
Control growth, development, repro bahavious, metabolism, water balance
Endocrine glands
Ductless secretory glands that secrete hormones directly into blood or extracellular fluid
Exocrine gland
Secrete into ducts that lead to outside of body or into body cavities
Ex. Sweat and saliva
How do cells respond to hormones
Target cells respond to specific hormones using receptor proteins
Prohormones and how are they activated
Prohormones are inactive/less active forms
Converted by target or enzymes
Two types of hormones
Protein (water-soluble) and steroid (lipid-soluble)
What do PT hormones act on
Membrane receptors
Where are PT hormones released from
Endocrine glands
What does the hydrophilic property of PT hormones allow them to do
They diffuse well through blood and intercellular fluid
How do PT hormones effect changes in a cell
Bind to MB receptor changing its shape
Activates a signal inside cell, triggering further changes (ex. Release Enzymes that activate proteins)
Signals affect nucleus, resulting in a change in the cell
What are steroids derived from
Cholesterol
How do steroids diffuse into blood
Combine with hydrophilic carrier PTs to form soluble complexes
How do steroids enter cell
Release carrier PT once in contact
Can pass through MB since hydrophobic and act on receptors inside
