General features of muscles, muscular auxiliary structures

Question 1

Locomotion system

Answer 1

muscles and accessory structures:

fascia, tendon, bursa

Question 2

Function

Answer 2

Moves parts of body and body as a whole. Lines body cavities

Question 3

Different muscles

Answer 3

Visceral (smooth muscles)
vessels
glandular ducts
hollow organs

(Striated muscles)
Cardiac
Skeletal: locomotor apparatus

Question 4

Parts of skeletal muscles:

Answer 4

Point of origin (puncta fixum)
Point of insertion (puncta mobile)
Muscle belly (venter)
Tendon (tendo)

Question 5

Point of origin

Answer 5

puncta fixum
prox.
normally fixated

Question 6

Point of insertion

Answer 6

puncta mobile
dist.
at highly mobile part

Question 7

Muscle belly

Answer 7

fleshy part= head

Question 8

Tendon

Answer 8

Tendo, attachment of musle belly to bone. Not allways present

Question 9

Aponeurosis

Answer 9

Flat bigger “tendon”, white sheet for m.planum (flat muscles)

Question 10

Tendon (which muscles)

Answer 10

m.fusiform (spindle muscle)

Question 11

Different muscles

Answer 11

m. fusiform(spindle), m.planum (flat/strap), mm.pennate (short/longer)

sphincter muscles, circular muscles

Question 12

Pennate muscles

Answer 12

Muscle fibers running, obliquuly to its tendon. Genreallt allows higher force production.

unipennate, bipennate, multi/quartipennate

Question 13

m.fusiform (spindle), has some structures:

Answer 13

two-bellied muscle,

two headed muscle and the “regular” single head (m. fusiform)

Question 14

Pysiological cut

Answer 14

shows how strong the muscle is, parallel to the fibers

Question 15

Layers of the muscle

Answer 15

Endomysium (inner layer, around a muscle fiber)

Perimysium (around a bundle of muscle fibers) =fasiculus

Epimysium (around all fasiculus) = muscle

Fascia (around the epiysium)

Attachment by tendon/aponeurosis –> skeleton

Question 16

Fascia superficial capitis

Answer 16

m. masseter, temporalis spf

Question 17

Fascia superficial cervicalis

Answer 17

lig. nuchae, ventral neck

Question 18

Fascia superficial truncus

Answer 18

shoulder–> gluteal region

Question 19

Fascia superficial FL

Answer 19

antebrachii

Question 20

Fascia superficial HL

Answer 20

fascia lata + crural

Question 21

Tendon acts as …

Answer 21

passive tension band

for spindle muscle: tendon
for flat/strap muscle: aponeurosis

Question 22

Tendon sheet

Answer 22

Vagina tendinis
smooth sliding over bones

synovial and fibrous layer ( lubrication)

Question 23

Two-bellies muscle

Answer 23

m. semispinalis (biventer)

Question 24

Two headed muscle

Answer 24

m. biceps brachii, m.triceps brachii