General features of brain Flashcards
lobes that make up the cerebrum
- frontal
- parietal
- occipital
- temporal
location of the cerebellum
inferior-posterior relative to the cerebrum
what structures make up the brainstem
- midbrain
- pons
- medulla oblongata (continuous with spinal cord)
location of brainstem
anterior to cerebellum
what is the lateral sulcus
- separates frontal and temporal lobes
- inferior to frontal and parietal lobe
what is the central sulcus
separates the frontal and parietal lobes
What is the longitudinal cerebral fissure
- separates the cerebral hemispheres
where is the cerebrum (lobes) located in the cranial base
- frontal lobes in anterior cranial fossa
- temporal lobes in lateral aspect of middle cranial fossa
- occipital lobes extend posteriorly
where is the cerebellum in the cranial base
in the posterior cranial fossa
where are the parts of the brainstem located in cranial base
midbrain –> at junction of posterior and middle cranial fossae
pons –> anterior aspect of posterior cranial fossa
medulla oblongata –> posterior cranial fossa, continuous with brain stem
name the cranial nerves we are focusing on
- olfactory –> CN 1
- optic –> CN 2
- oculomotor –> CN 3
- trochlear –> CN 4
- trigeminal –> CN 5
- abducent –> CN 6
what info does each cranial nerve send
CN 1 –> sensory - smell (special sense)
CN 2 –> sensory - vision
CN 3 –> motor - extrinsic muscles of eye, ciliary muscles, sphincter pupillae
CN 4 –> motor extrinsic muscle of eye (SO)
CN 5 –> sensory and motor of face
CN 6 –> motor - extrinsic muscle of eye
what are the parts of the olfactory nerve, what part of the brain are they in contact with
- bulb and tract
- contact with inferior/orbital surface of frontal lobe (cerebrum)
pathway of olfactory nerve
- passes through small foramina in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
- extend to upper/superior 1/3 of olfactory area and inferior/lower 2/3 of respiratory area
pathway of optical nerve
- exits orbit through optical canal and enters middle cranial fossa
- 2 optic nerves join to form optic chiasm then divides into 2 optic tracts
pathway of oculomotor nerve
- chief motor nerve to extra-ocular and intra-ocular muscles
- emerges from midbrain through cavernous sinus
- exits cranial cavity and enters obit by superior orbital fissure
pathway of trochlear nerve
- emerges from posterior surface of midbrain
- passes anteriorly around brainstem through cavernous
- lateral to pons
- exits cranial cavity and enters via superior orbital fissure
pathway of abducent nerve
- emerges from brainstem between pons and medulla through cavernous sinus
- exits cranial cavity and enters orbit via superior orbital fissure
pathway of trigeminal nerve
- emerges from lateral aspect of pons (large sensory root and small motor root)
- ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) –> exits via SOF
- maxillary nerve (CN V2) –> exits via foramen rotundum
- mandibular nerve ( CN V3) –> exits via formen ovale
what info does the trigeminal nerve code for
sensory –> face; oral, nasal and sinus mucosa and anterior 2/3 of tongue
motor –> muscle of mastication and 4 other small muscles
what exits through the ethmoidal foramina
olfactory N. (CN 1)
what exits through the optic canal
optic nerve (CN 2)
what nerve(s) exits through the SOF
- oculomotor (CN 3)
- trochlear (CN 4)
- Trigeminal (CN V1)
- abducent (CN 6)
what nerve exits through the foramen rotundum
- maxillary (CN V2)
what nerve exits through the foramen ovale
mandibular (CN V3)
