General concepts

Question 1

Vitamin K deficiency

Answer 1

Prolonged PT before anything else

Question 2

Nitrate accumulation

Answer 2

Methemoglobinemia in ruminants: Amaranthus, nightshade, oat hay, sorghum, rye, alfalfa

Question 3

Cardiotoxic plants

Answer 3

Oleander, Foxglove, Lily-of-the-valley, yew, rhododendron, and cottonseed (gossypol)

Question 4

Primary photosensitizers

Answer 4

St. john’s wort (hypericum perforatum)

Question 5

Secondary photosensitizers

Answer 5

Brassicas (rape), blue-green algae, Senecio (groundsel), crotolaria spp. amsinckia intermedia

Question 6

Neurotoxic plants

Answer 6

Lupine, poison hemlock, larkspur, nightshade, bracken fern

Question 7

Naphthalene (mothballs)

Answer 7

Hemolytic anemia, methemoglobinemia, vomiting and seizures

Question 8

Perilla mint

Answer 8

Pulmonary edema + pleural effusion

Question 9

Oak toxicity

Answer 9

Hemorrhagic diarrhea + renal tubular necrosis

Question 10

Specificity

Answer 10

True negative rate: True negatives / true negatives + false positives

Question 11

Sensitivity

Answer 11

Probability of a positive test among sick animals: True positives / true positives + false negatives

Question 12

Positive predictive value

Answer 12

True positives / true positives + false positives

Question 13

Negative predictive value

Answer 13

True negatives / true negatives + false negatives

Question 14

Cattle dental aging

Answer 14

Incisors at 2/2.5/3/4 years

Question 15

Horse canine teeth

Answer 15

Erupt at 4-5 years