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General Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Protons are found in the ________ of an atom

A

nucleus

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2
Q

The atomic number of an element is equal to its number of ________

A

protons

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3
Q

The charge of a neutron is positive or negative

A

it is neutral

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4
Q

The mass number is made of

A

the number of protons + neutrons in an atom

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5
Q

atoms of the same element with varying _________ are known as ______

A

neutrons, isotopes

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6
Q

Those electrons farthest from the nucleus are known as _______

A

valence electrons

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7
Q

Losing electrons results in an atom becoming more _________

A

positive

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8
Q

A mole is a number of things equal to ______ ________

A

avogadros number (6.02x10^23)

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9
Q

The planck relation (the energy of a quantum) is

A

E=hf

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10
Q

h (plancks constant) is equal to

A

6.6x10^-34 J/s

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11
Q

The ground state of an atom is a state of _______ energy

A

lower

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12
Q

What indicates when an atom is in an excited state?

A

when at least one electron has moved to a subshell of higher than normal energy

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13
Q

As electrons go from lower energy to higher energy they get AHED, which stands for:

A

Absorb light
Higher potential
Excited
Distant (from the nucleus)

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14
Q

The _________ principle is that “it is impossible to simultaneously determine, with perfect accuracy, the momentum and position of an electron”

A

Heisenberg

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15
Q

The four quantum numbers are ___,__,__,__

A

n, l, mp, ms

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16
Q

for a given value of n, it limits the value of ___

A

l

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17
Q

The energy difference between the n=3 and n=4 shells is:

A

[1/9 - 1/16]

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18
Q

The equation for energy difference between shells is

A

[1/ni^2 - 1/nf^2]

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19
Q

_____ ______ states that you should fill all orbits in a subshell once before doubling them up

A

Hunds rule

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20
Q

The ______ _____ states that electrons fill from lower to higher energy subshells

A

Aufbau principle

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21
Q

The energy difference between energy levels is called a ______

A

quantum

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22
Q

This quantum number specifies the particular orbital within the subshell where an electron is likely to be found at a given moment in time

A

mp

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23
Q

The internal energy of a gas is represented by the letter

A

U

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24
Q

What are the variables that can change the internal energy of a gas?

A

-Heat (Q) ( if you add heat, energy will go up) and
-Work (W) (if you add work i.e. push piston down, energy will go up)

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25
What does the structure of a Flavin look like?
It has three attached rings, with two amides
26
What is the formula for hydrostatic pressure? (and what do each of the variables represent)
p = ρgd (p= pressure, ρ=liquid density, g= gravitational acceleration, d= density)
27
Carbon dioxide (IS/IS NOT) polar?
Is not. dipoles cancel each other out
28
What is the structure of a pyrrole?
a 5 membered ring with the formula C4H4NH. (A pyrrole is a hetercyclic, aromatic ring containing one N atom)
29
A transferase is used for catalyzing...
the transfer of a functional group (think methyl, alkyl, phosphate etc) from one compound to another
30
a Ligase catalyzes the
joining of two molecules
31
An isomerase catalyzes
an isomerization reaction (a rearrangement of bonds in a molecule)
32
a Lyase catalyzes
the breaking of a molecule (without the use of water)
33
a Hydrolase catalyzes
the breaking of a molecule by adding water (hydrolysis)
34
An oxidoreductase catalyzes
the transfer of electrons between molecules
35
Progesterone is a ______ and derives from _____
steroid hormone, cholesterol
36
T or F; Enatiomers have the same physical and chemical properties
True
37
How do enantiomers differ?
In their 3-D arrangement of their atms, and their interactions with other chiral molecules. They can also differ in their smell
38
What is the continuity equation?
A1V1=A2V2 (area1xvelocity1 etc)
39
What is the name of the side chain group on Histidine (His, H)
It is an imidazole, which has the formula (C3N2H4)
40
What is the name of the side chain group on Tryptophan (Trp, W)
an Indole
41
An Ester has what functional group in it
Carboxylic acid
42
If something is lipophillic, it IS/IS NOT water soluble
is not
43
What is the name of this compound: NH4CH3CO2
ammonium acetate
44
0.030 µM is the same as how many nM?
30nM
45
A Hill coefficient of 2.66 would signify...
Cooperative binding (the binding of one substrate would increase the chances of subsequent substrates to bind)
46
As the pH is raised, which group off of a molecule will deprotonate first?
The most acidic group
47
______ is the ratio of the force applied perpendicular to a surface and the area of the surface.
Pressure *if you have 100N force and an area of 50cm^2-- the area can be changed to .005m^2 so (100/.005)=
48
In terms of photons, if the energy of the photon is doubled, what other property will be doubled?
Frequency (F) E=hf (plancks)
49
Breakdown the equation: c = fλ and its use
c= the speed of light (3x10^8 m/s) f= frequency λ= wavelength
50
pKb=14-____
pKa
51
T and B cells are part of what immune system?
Adaptive
52
T Cells regulate ....
cell-mediated responses
53
B Cells regulate...
humoral response
54
in nucleotides, a greater amount of G-C bonds would correlate with..
more stable duplex, and therefore a higher melting temp (due to G-C having 3 Hydrogen bonds, and A-T having 2)
55
Nucleotides are held together in the backbone by what type of bond
Phosphodiester
56
Nucleotide base pairs are held together by
hydrogen bonds
57
Isomers of glucose include...
galactose & fructose
58
The Na+/Glucose Symporter does/does not translocate a charged particle across the membrane?
does (therefore it is electrogenic)
59
Define glycosylation
An enzyme catalyzed reaction in which a carbohydrate/sugar is attached to a molecule
60
Can glycoproteins cross the cell membrane?
No, they are large and typically negatively charged
61
______ are compounds that bind to ions and facilitate their transport across membranes?
Ionophores
62
What are two propertiest hat effect melting point?
Mass & intermolecular forces (the greater the molar mass, the greater the melting point)
63
Pascals principle states that
pressure is transmitted equally through fluid in a sealed vessel
64
Work(Joules OR Nxm'newtonxmeter') is = to
F (Newton) x D (meters)
65
When a Resistor is in series, the current is =
I1 = I2 = I3= The total Current (I) in amps (C/s)
66
VMax is defined as
the fastest speed at which the enzymes can work
67
Km is defined as
the binding affinity of the substrate for the enzyme
68
A small Km indicates a _____ substrate affinity
high
69
a large Km indicates a ______ substrate affinity
low
70
The speed of an enzyme is denoted as
Kcat
71
Epinephrine is secreted from _____
The Adrenal Medulla
72
moving an electron from n=1 to n=2, a photon is (emitted/absorbed)
absorbed
73
Is the sound of speed greater in air or in a solid?
In a solid
74
_____ ________refers to enhanced memory when testing takes place under the same conditions as learning
encoding specificity
75

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