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Content Review > General Chemistry > Flashcards

General Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Protons are found in the ________ of an atom

A

nucleus

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2
Q

The atomic number of an element is equal to its number of ________

A

protons

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3
Q

The charge of a neutron is positive or negative

A

it is neutral

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4
Q

The mass number is made of

A

the number of protons + neutrons in an atom

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5
Q

atoms of the same element with varying _________ are known as ______

A

neutrons, isotopes

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6
Q

Those electrons farthest from the nucleus are known as _______

A

valence electrons

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7
Q

Losing electrons results in an atom becoming more _________

A

positive

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8
Q

A mole is a number of things equal to ______ ________

A

avogadros number (6.02x10^23)

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9
Q

The planck relation (the energy of a quantum) is

A

E=hf

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10
Q

h (plancks constant) is equal to

A

6.6x10^-34 J/s

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11
Q

The ground state of an atom is a state of _______ energy

A

lower

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12
Q

What indicates when an atom is in an excited state?

A

when at least one electron has moved to a subshell of higher than normal energy

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13
Q

As electrons go from lower energy to higher energy they get AHED, which stands for:

A

Absorb light
Higher potential
Excited
Distant (from the nucleus)

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14
Q

The _________ principle is that “it is impossible to simultaneously determine, with perfect accuracy, the momentum and position of an electron”

A

Heisenberg

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15
Q

The four quantum numbers are ___,__,__,__

A

n, l, mp, ms

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16
Q

for a given value of n, it limits the value of ___

A

l

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17
Q

The energy difference between the n=3 and n=4 shells is:

A

[1/9 - 1/16]

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18
Q

The equation for energy difference between shells is

A

[1/ni^2 - 1/nf^2]

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19
Q

_____ ______ states that you should fill all orbits in a subshell once before doubling them up

A

Hunds rule

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20
Q

The ______ _____ states that electrons fill from lower to higher energy subshells

A

Aufbau principle

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21
Q

The energy difference between energy levels is called a ______

A

quantum

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22
Q

This quantum number specifies the particular orbital within the subshell where an electron is likely to be found at a given moment in time

A

mp

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23
Q

The internal energy of a gas is represented by the letter

A

U

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24
Q

What are the variables that can change the internal energy of a gas?

A

-Heat (Q) ( if you add heat, energy will go up) and
-Work (W) (if you add work i.e. push piston down, energy will go up)

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25
Q

What does the structure of a Flavin look like?

A

It has three attached rings, with two amides

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26
Q

What is the formula for hydrostatic pressure? (and what do each of the variables represent)

A

p = ρgd (p= pressure, ρ=liquid density, g= gravitational acceleration, d= density)

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27
Q

Carbon dioxide (IS/IS NOT) polar?

A

Is not. dipoles cancel each other out

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28
Q

What is the structure of a pyrrole?

A

a 5 membered ring with the formula C4H4NH. (A pyrrole is a hetercyclic, aromatic ring containing one N atom)

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29
Q

A transferase is used for catalyzing…

A

the transfer of a functional group (think methyl, alkyl, phosphate etc) from one compound to another

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30
Q

a Ligase catalyzes the

A

joining of two molecules

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31
Q

An isomerase catalyzes

A

an isomerization reaction (a rearrangement of bonds in a molecule)

32
Q

a Lyase catalyzes

A

the breaking of a molecule (without the use of water)

33
Q

a Hydrolase catalyzes

A

the breaking of a molecule by adding water (hydrolysis)

34
Q

An oxidoreductase catalyzes

A

the transfer of electrons between molecules

35
Q

Progesterone is a ______ and derives from _____

A

steroid hormone, cholesterol

36
Q

T or F; Enatiomers have the same physical and chemical properties

A

True

37
Q

How do enantiomers differ?

A

In their 3-D arrangement of their atms, and their interactions with other chiral molecules. They can also differ in their smell

38
Q

What is the continuity equation?

A

A1V1=A2V2 (area1xvelocity1 etc)

39
Q

What is the name of the side chain group on Histidine (His, H)

A

It is an imidazole, which has the formula (C3N2H4)

40
Q

What is the name of the side chain group on Tryptophan (Trp, W)

A

an Indole

41
Q

An Ester has what functional group in it

A

Carboxylic acid

42
Q

If something is lipophillic, it IS/IS NOT water soluble

A

is not

43
Q

What is the name of this compound: NH4CH3CO2

A

ammonium acetate

44
Q

0.030 µM is the same as how many nM?

A

30nM

45
Q

A Hill coefficient of 2.66 would signify…

A

Cooperative binding (the binding of one substrate would increase the chances of subsequent substrates to bind)

46
Q

As the pH is raised, which group off of a molecule will deprotonate first?

A

The most acidic group

47
Q

______ is the ratio of the force applied perpendicular to a surface and the area of the surface.

A

Pressure
*if you have 100N force and an area of 50cm^2– the area can be changed to .005m^2 so (100/.005)=

48
Q

In terms of photons, if the energy of the photon is doubled, what other property will be doubled?

A

Frequency (F)
E=hf (plancks)

49
Q

Breakdown the equation: c = fλ and its use

A

c= the speed of light (3x10^8 m/s)
f= frequency
λ= wavelength

50
Q

pKb=14-____

A

pKa

51
Q

T and B cells are part of what immune system?

A

Adaptive

52
Q

T Cells regulate ….

A

cell-mediated responses

53
Q

B Cells regulate…

A

humoral response

54
Q

in nucleotides, a greater amount of G-C bonds would correlate with..

A

more stable duplex, and therefore a higher melting temp (due to G-C having 3 Hydrogen bonds, and A-T having 2)

55
Q

Nucleotides are held together in the backbone by what type of bond

A

Phosphodiester

56
Q

Nucleotide base pairs are held together by

A

hydrogen bonds

57
Q

Isomers of glucose include…

A

galactose & fructose

58
Q

The Na+/Glucose Symporter does/does not translocate a charged particle across the membrane?

A

does (therefore it is electrogenic)

59
Q

Define glycosylation

A

An enzyme catalyzed reaction in which a carbohydrate/sugar is attached to a molecule

60
Q

Can glycoproteins cross the cell membrane?

A

No, they are large and typically negatively charged

61
Q

______ are compounds that bind to ions and facilitate their transport across membranes?

A

Ionophores

62
Q

What are two propertiest hat effect melting point?

A

Mass & intermolecular forces (the greater the molar mass, the greater the melting point)

63
Q

Pascals principle states that

A

pressure is transmitted equally through fluid in a sealed vessel

64
Q

Work(Joules OR Nxm’newtonxmeter’) is = to

A

F (Newton) x D (meters)

65
Q

When a Resistor is in series, the current is =

A

I1 = I2 = I3= The total Current (I) in amps (C/s)

66
Q

VMax is defined as

A

the fastest speed at which the enzymes can work

67
Q

Km is defined as

A

the binding affinity of the substrate for the enzyme

68
Q

A small Km indicates a _____ substrate affinity

A

high

69
Q

a large Km indicates a ______ substrate affinity

A

low

70
Q

The speed of an enzyme is denoted as

A

Kcat

71
Q

Epinephrine is secreted from _____

A

The Adrenal Medulla

72
Q

moving an electron from n=1 to n=2, a photon is (emitted/absorbed)

A

absorbed

73
Q

Is the sound of speed greater in air or in a solid?

A

In a solid

74
Q

_____ ________refers to enhanced memory when testing takes place under the same conditions as learning

A

encoding specificity

75
Q
A

Content Review (8 decks)

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