General Chem. Smart Edition Flashcards
Exothermic vs Endothermic
Exothermic releases heat into environment
Endothermic absorbs heat and cools environment
On a graph which reaction Endothermic or Exothermic
- The Activation energy starts in the Middle of the Y axis.
- Activation energy starts at the bottom of the Y-axis
- Exothermic
- Endothermic
Strong acids completely ____ in solution, and strong bases fully _____ in a solution
Ionize / dissociate
What property allows water to flow against the force of gravity
Adhesión
The concentration of free water molecules will equalize on both sides of the membrane.
True or False
This is the goal of osmosis
True
If a metal and non metal bond what kind of bond is it?
Ionic
If 2 non-metals or metalloids bond what kind of bond is it
Covalent
If the Product is less energy than the Reactant it is considered which type of reaction
If the product has more energy than the reactant it is considered which type of reaction
Exothermic
Endothermic
This type of solution Includes gels, sols, and emulsions; the particles do not settle, and cannot be separated out by ordinary filtering or centrifuging like those in a suspension.
Colloids
Start with a premiss and work down from it is this kind of reasoning
Deductive
This type of reasoning starts with an observation and works up from there
Inductive
Repeatable form of evidence that verifies the results of an experiment
Empirical Evidence
Which phase would a cell have the most nucleotides
G¹
An acid that leases H± in a solution
A base that leases OH in a solution
Arrhenuis acid / Base
This type of acid is a proton donor while this type of base is a proton acceptor.
Brønsted-Lowry
HF, HCl, H²SO⁴, HNO³
These are examples of what?
Arrhenuis acids
These are examples of
NaOH, KOH, Ca (OH)²
Arrhenuis bases
What is the conjugate Acid / Base
NH³
CA = NH⁴+
CB = NH² -¹
What is the Conjugate Acid / Base
HCO³-
CA = H²CO³
CB = CO³ -²
A Lewis acid is a substance that donates a lone pair of electrons
True or False
True
Na —-> Na(+) + e-
What type of reaction is this?
What is happening to sodium?
Redox
Sodium is being oxidized
Its losing an electron
Cl + e- —–> Cl-
What is happening to Chlorine?
It is being reduced
Gaining an electron
What kind of bond do redux reactions form?
Ionic
In general, atomic radius increases moving (up / down) a group due to the increasing number of electron shells
Down
In general, atomic radius (increases/ decreases) moving from left to right across a period due to increasing number of protons in the energy level.
Decreases
Where would we find atoms with the biggest atomic radii
Bottom left
A tissue contains a variety of cell types that work together to preform a special function
True or False
False tissue is similar cells
What kind of genes don’t follow the law of Independent assortment
Linked genes, close to each other
What is chyme
Food mixed with stomach acids
Ice to water is Endothermic or Exothermic
Endothermic
Water becoming vapor is Endothermic or Exothermic
Endothermic
If heat is moving from surroundings into system it is. Endothermic or Exothermic
Endothermic
Steam condensing to water is. Endothermic or Exothermic
Exothermic
Liquid freezing to become a solid is an… Exothermic or Endothermic reaction
Exothermic
In this type of reaction heat moves out of the system. Exothermic or Endothermic
Exothermic
C⁸H¹⁸ + O² —> H²O + CO²
Type of reaction is this
How do we know
Combustion
Reactants always C,H,O
Products always H²O & CO²
MgCl² —> Mg + Cl²
Type of reaction
Decomposition
Mg + O² —> MgO
Type of reaction
Synthesis
CH³COOH + H²O —> CH³OO- + H³O+
which is the brønsted Lowry Acid / Base
CH³COOH is Bronsted Lowry Acid because it released (H) CH³COO
H²O Accepted an H so it is a Bronsted Lowry Base H³O+
CH³COOH + H²O —-> CH³COO- + H³0+
Which is the Conjugate Acid/ Base
CH³OO- Conjugate Base
H³O+ Conjugate acid
