General cardiology

Question 1

What are the 6 S’s of innocent murmurs

Answer 1

Soft
Systolic
Sensitive (changes with childs position/respiration)
Short (not holosystolic)
Single (no additional sounds)
Small (localised non radiating)

Question 2

Examples / causes of innocent murmurs

Answer 2

Still’s murmur
Venous hum
Acute infective illness

Question 3

What conditions are associated wih Down’s

Answer 3

Septal defects with AV being most common

Question 4

What conditions are associated with Turner’s syndrome

Answer 4

Bicuspid aortic valves and coarctation of the aorta

Question 5

What condition is associated with foetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 5

VSD

Question 6

What is Ebsteins anomaly

Answer 6

Tricuspid valve is set lower in the right side of the heart towards the apex causing bigger right atrium and small RV

Question 7

What happens to the flow of blood in Ebsteins anomaly

Answer 7

Poor flow from right atrium to right ventricle, causing poor flow to the pulmonary vessels

Question 8

What is Ebsteins anomaly associated with

Answer 8

Atrial septal defect and Wollf-Parkinson-white syndrome

Question 9

Presentation of Ebsteins anomaly

Answer 9

Evidence of HF, gallop rhythm heard on auscultation, cyanosis, poor feeding, SOB, tachypnoea, collapse of cardiac arrest, symptoms associated with ASD often present few days atfer birth when ductus arteriosus closes

Question 10

Management of Ebsteins anomaly

Answer 10

EHCO, treating arrhythmias and HF, prophylactic Abx for IE and surgical correction of underlying defect