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Pharm Exam 6 > General anesthetics > Flashcards

General anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Stages of anesthesia

A

Induction
Maintenance
Emergence

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2
Q

Current theory of anesthetics

A

Anesthetics reversibly interact with hydrophobic sites of specific membrane proteins altering signal transduction

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3
Q

Faster induction determined by

A

Low blood solubility faster induction

Low partition

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4
Q

Partition coefficient

A

blood conc/gas conc

If you decrease blood concentration (smaller partition coefficient = less time needed

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5
Q

Potency defined as

A

Minimum alveolar concentration

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6
Q

1 MAC

A

alveolar partial pressure that prevent movement of 50% of adult patient in response to pain

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7
Q

Ideal MAC for surgery

A

1.3 MAC

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8
Q

Low Mac

A

High potency

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9
Q

Why do you give a patient O2 when they are emerging from anesthesia?

A

Diffusion hypoxia

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10
Q

True or false MAC is age and condition dependent?

A

True

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11
Q

Increased MAC

A

Infancy

Chronic alcohol

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12
Q

Decreased MAC

A

Elderly

Acute alcohol

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13
Q

What is the second gas effect?

A

Bulk agent can pull more agent into the lung with a combination with another gas
= More gas, faster

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14
Q

Tx outpatient dental

A

NO

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15
Q

Can cause pneumothorax

A

NO

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16
Q

Inhibits B12

A

NO

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17
Q

Still commonly used for children because it is not pungent

A

Halothane

18
Q

Significant cardiac depression that decreases MAP

A

Halothane

19
Q

Sensitizes the heart to EPI causing tachycardia

A

Halothane

20
Q

Increases ICP

A

Halothane

21
Q

Immune response to hepatic proteins

A

Halothane hepatitis

22
Q

Four agents that cause malignant hyperthermia

A 
Halogenated inhalation "-anes"
Halothane
Isoflurane
Desflurane 
Sevoflurane
23
Q

General anesthetic that causes bronchial irritation

A

Desflurane

24
Q

Malignant hyperthermia caused by

A

Halogenated inhalation anesthetics
Genetic mutation in dihydropyridine ryanodine RYR1 receptor (SR Ca2+) causing excessive accumulation of Ca2+ = continued contraction

25
Q

Malignant hyperthermia symptoms

A

hypercapnia muscle rigidity tachycardia hyperthermia muscle breakdown hyperkalemia FATALITY

26
Q

Antidote to malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene sodium

27
Q

IV anesthetics are used for what phase?

A

Induction

28
Q

Duration of action is determined by

A

Distribution out of CNS

29
Q

Which three IV agents activate GABAa

A

Methohexital
Propofol
Etomidate

30
Q

Which is the ideal anesthetic for induction because of its duration?

A

Propofol

Onset 40sec, Duration 6min

31
Q

Which anesthetic can cause hypotension, pain at injection, and hypertriglyceridemia?

A

Propofol

32
Q

Which anesthetic cannot be used in patients with cardiac problems/Hypotension?

A

Propofol

33
Q

Which IV anesthetic is good for cardiac patients or hypotensive patients?

A

Etomidate

34
Q

Which causes myoclonic movements, N/V, adrenal insufficiency with continuous infusion?

A

Etomidate

35
Q

Which IV anesthetic is a PCP derivative?

A

Ketamine

36
Q

Which IV anesthetic acts on NMDA receptor as an antagonist?

A

Ketamine

37
Q

Which causes dissociative sedation and hallucinations?

A

Ketamine

38
Q

Which IV anesthetic is used for induction and maintenance of pediatric anesthesia?

A

Ketamine (trance state) does not cause hallucinations in children

39
Q

Off label use procedural sedation/analgesia

A

Ketamine

40
Q

Use for patients with airway disease

A

Ketamine

41
Q

Which IV anesthetic does not have post-op emesis and can be used as an anti-emetic?

A

Propofol

42
Q

Which inhaled anesthetic has minimal cardiac effects?

A

NO
Isoflurane
Desflurane
Sevolfurane

Pharm Exam 6 (8 decks)

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