Diuretics

Question 1

Consequence of compensation is

Answer 1

Hypokalemia

Question 2

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Answer 2

Acetazolamide

Question 3

Competitive inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase on apical side

Answer 3

Acetazolamide

Question 4

Site of action of acetazolamide

Answer 4

Proximal tubule

Question 5

Which diuretic is rarely used as a diuretic?

Answer 5

Acetazolamide

Question 6

What are the main uses of Acetazolamide?

Answer 6

Open angle glaucoma
Altitude sickness (make blood more acidic)
Epilepsy

Question 7

Which diuretic makes the blood more acidic as a result of its action?

Answer 7

Acetazolamide, excretes HCO3- because it inhibits carbonic anhydrase

Question 8

Which diuretic is associated with Urinary alkinization (renal stone) and metabolic acidosis?

Answer 8

Acetazolamide

Question 9

NaK2ClCl symport inhibitors

Answer 9

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 10

Where is Furosemide’s site of action

Answer 10

Thick ascending limb

Question 11

Which diuretic prevents the paracellular transport of Ca2+ and Mg2+?

Answer 11

Furosemide

Question 12

Which drug prevents the activation of ROMK channel by inhibiting symporter?

Answer 12

Furosemide

Question 13

Which diuretic decreases uric acid?

Answer 13

Furosemide

Question 14

Which diuretic is used for acute pulmonary edema and CHF and can treat edema of nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 14

Furosemide (Lasix)

Question 15

Which diuretic causes ototoxicity?

Answer 15

Furosemide

Question 16

Which diuretic should be avoided in post-menopausal women due to hypocalcemia?

Answer 16

Furosemide

Question 17

Which diuretic should not be used in diabetics taking sulfonylureas?

Answer 17

Furosemide

Question 18

NaCl Symport inhibitors

Answer 18

Chlorothiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 19

Site of action of NaCl Symporters

Answer 19

Distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell

Question 20

True or false Chlorothiazide also is a weak inhibitors of CA

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or false Chlorthiazide is less effective when the GFR is decreased

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Chlorothiazide should not be used in patients with

Answer 22

CHF (low GFR)

Question 23

Which is used for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

Answer 23

Chlorothiazide

Question 24

Which diuretic is associated with erectile dysfunction?

Answer 24

Chlorothiazide

Question 25

Which diuretic interacts with NSAIDs and quinidine causing Torsades de pointes?

Answer 25

Chlorothiazide

Question 26

Potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 26

Triamterene Amiloride Spironolactone

Question 27

ENaC inhibitors

Answer 27

Triamtereone | Amiloride

Question 28

Aldosterone antagonists

Answer 28

Spironolactone

Question 29

What is the mechanism of ENaC inhibitors?

Answer 29

Block the Na+ channel on the apical side of the distal convoluted tubule

Question 30

What is the mechanism of Spironolactone?

Answer 30

Reduce the expression of aldosterone induce proteins, block mineralcorticoid receptors in principal cells

Question 31

True or false ENaC inhibitors and Aldosterone antagonists are used with K+ wasting diuretics to prevent hypokalemia.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Why is potassium spared with ENaC and aldosterone antagonists?

Answer 32

ENaC is what drives the ROMK channel in the DCT, if it is stopped then ROMK will not excrete K+ out of the cell

Question 33

Which diuretic is used for Liddle syndrome?

Answer 33

ENaC inhibitors (Triamtereone and Amiloride)

Question 34

Which diuretic is used for hyperaldosteronism?

Answer 34

Spironolactone

Question 35

Which diuretic is used for Hepatic cirrhosis?

Answer 35

Spironolactone

Question 36

Which diuretic can produce gynecomastia, impotence, hirsutism, decreased libido?

Answer 36

Spironolactone

Question 37

Epelerone

Answer 37

higher affinity for MR and lower incidence of progesterone effects (gynecomastic, impotence etc)

Question 38

What is an osmotic diuretic?

Answer 38

Mannitol

Question 39

Where does Mannitol work?

Answer 39

Ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 40

Which diuretic is used to prevent renal failure in hospitalized patients?

Answer 40

Mannitol

Question 41

Which diuretic decreases the excretion of calcium?

Answer 41

Chlorothiazide

Question 42

Which diuretic is used to treat nephrolithiasis?

Answer 42

Chlorothiazide