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Pharm Exam 6 > Diuretics > Flashcards

Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Consequence of compensation is

A

Hypokalemia

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2
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

Acetazolamide

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3
Q

Competitive inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase on apical side

A

Acetazolamide

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4
Q

Site of action of acetazolamide

A

Proximal tubule

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5
Q

Which diuretic is rarely used as a diuretic?

A

Acetazolamide

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6
Q

What are the main uses of Acetazolamide?

A

Open angle glaucoma
Altitude sickness (make blood more acidic)
Epilepsy

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7
Q

Which diuretic makes the blood more acidic as a result of its action?

A

Acetazolamide, excretes HCO3- because it inhibits carbonic anhydrase

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8
Q

Which diuretic is associated with Urinary alkinization (renal stone) and metabolic acidosis?

A

Acetazolamide

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9
Q

NaK2ClCl symport inhibitors

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

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10
Q

Where is Furosemide’s site of action

A

Thick ascending limb

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11
Q

Which diuretic prevents the paracellular transport of Ca2+ and Mg2+?

A

Furosemide

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12
Q

Which drug prevents the activation of ROMK channel by inhibiting symporter?

A

Furosemide

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13
Q

Which diuretic decreases uric acid?

A

Furosemide

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14
Q

Which diuretic is used for acute pulmonary edema and CHF and can treat edema of nephrotic syndrome?

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

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15
Q

Which diuretic causes ototoxicity?

A

Furosemide

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16
Q

Which diuretic should be avoided in post-menopausal women due to hypocalcemia?

A

Furosemide

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17
Q

Which diuretic should not be used in diabetics taking sulfonylureas?

A

Furosemide

18
Q

NaCl Symport inhibitors

A

Chlorothiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide

19
Q

Site of action of NaCl Symporters

A

Distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell

20
Q

True or false Chlorothiazide also is a weak inhibitors of CA

A

True

21
Q

True or false Chlorthiazide is less effective when the GFR is decreased

A

True

22
Q

Chlorothiazide should not be used in patients with

A

CHF (low GFR)

23
Q

Which is used for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A

Chlorothiazide

24
Q

Which diuretic is associated with erectile dysfunction?

A

Chlorothiazide

25
Q

Which diuretic interacts with NSAIDs and quinidine causing Torsades de pointes?

A

Chlorothiazide

26
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics

A

Triamterene
Amiloride
Spironolactone

27
Q

ENaC inhibitors

A

Triamtereone

Amiloride

28
Q

Aldosterone antagonists

A

Spironolactone

29
Q

What is the mechanism of ENaC inhibitors?

A

Block the Na+ channel on the apical side of the distal convoluted tubule

30
Q

What is the mechanism of Spironolactone?

A

Reduce the expression of aldosterone induce proteins, block mineralcorticoid receptors in principal cells

31
Q

True or false ENaC inhibitors and Aldosterone antagonists are used with K+ wasting diuretics to prevent hypokalemia.

A

True

32
Q

Why is potassium spared with ENaC and aldosterone antagonists?

A

ENaC is what drives the ROMK channel in the DCT, if it is stopped then ROMK will not excrete K+ out of the cell

33
Q

Which diuretic is used for Liddle syndrome?

A

ENaC inhibitors (Triamtereone and Amiloride)

34
Q

Which diuretic is used for hyperaldosteronism?

A

Spironolactone

35
Q

Which diuretic is used for Hepatic cirrhosis?

A

Spironolactone

36
Q

Which diuretic can produce gynecomastia, impotence, hirsutism, decreased libido?

A

Spironolactone

37
Q

Epelerone

A

higher affinity for MR and lower incidence of progesterone effects (gynecomastic, impotence etc)

38
Q

What is an osmotic diuretic?

A

Mannitol

39
Q

Where does Mannitol work?

A

Ascending limb of the loop of Henle

40
Q

Which diuretic is used to prevent renal failure in hospitalized patients?

A

Mannitol

41
Q

Which diuretic decreases the excretion of calcium?

A

Chlorothiazide

42
Q

Which diuretic is used to treat nephrolithiasis?

A

Chlorothiazide

Pharm Exam 6 (8 decks)

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