General Flashcards
What is the treatment for diarrhoea in kids?
Oral rehydration solution
Zinc supplements
Where is oral rehydration solution absorbed?
Jejunum
What are the 6 solutions to the most preventable causes of deaths under 5?
Immediate and exclusive breast-feediing
Skilled attendants for antenatal, birth and postnatal care
Access to nutrition and micronutrients
Family knowledge of danger signs in a child’s health
Water, sanitation and hygiene
Immunizations
What are some symptoms of HIV in children?
Recurrent infections e.g. otitis media, meningitis
Recurrent oral candidiasis
Generalised lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly
Persistent fever
Encephalopathy
Chronic parotitis
What is the diagnostic test for HIV <18 months age?
Virological PCR
What is the diagnostic tes for HIV >18 months age?
Serological rapid antibody testing
What is the treatment for HIV?
2 NRTIs pluse one NNRTI or protease inhibitor
Give an example of a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
Abacavir
Lamivudine
Give an example of a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)
Efavirenz for >3 yrs old
Name a protease inhibitor
Kaletra for <3yrs
What prophylaxis do HIV patient get?
Co-trimoxazole
What investigations do you do if you suspect TB?
Acid-fast bacilliInterferon-Gamma release assays
Chest X-ray
Mantoux
What is the treatment for TB?
For 2 months:
Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
For further 4 months:
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
What investigations should you do for malaria?
Blood film for microscopy or rapid diagnostic test
What is the treatment for malaria?
Artemisinin based comination therapy for 3 days (ACT)
For severe - IV/IM Artesunate
What levels on the centile chart show overweight and obese?
91st centile = overweight
98th centile = obese
What are some endocrine causes of childhood obesity?
Hypothyroidism Growth hormone insufficiency Hypopituitarism Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism Hypogonadism Excessive corticosteroid administration Pseudohypoparathyroidism Craniopharyngioma
What are some inheritable disorders that cause childhood obesity?
Down’s syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome
Duchennes muscular dystrophy
Fragile X
How many hours of physical activity should a child under 3 have per day?
3hrs
How many hours of physical activity should a child have per day?
1hr
Can anti-obesity drugs be prescribed for adolescents?
If severely overweight yes
Orlistat
What is the max screen time for a child?
2hrs