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Year 2 Child health > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment for diarrhoea in kids?

A

Oral rehydration solution

Zinc supplements

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2
Q

Where is oral rehydration solution absorbed?

A

Jejunum

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3
Q

What are the 6 solutions to the most preventable causes of deaths under 5?

A

Immediate and exclusive breast-feediing
Skilled attendants for antenatal, birth and postnatal care
Access to nutrition and micronutrients
Family knowledge of danger signs in a child’s health
Water, sanitation and hygiene
Immunizations

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4
Q

What are some symptoms of HIV in children?

A

Recurrent infections e.g. otitis media, meningitis

Recurrent oral candidiasis

Generalised lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly

Persistent fever

Encephalopathy

Chronic parotitis

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5
Q

What is the diagnostic test for HIV <18 months age?

A

Virological PCR

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6
Q

What is the diagnostic tes for HIV >18 months age?

A

Serological rapid antibody testing

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7
Q

What is the treatment for HIV?

A

2 NRTIs pluse one NNRTI or protease inhibitor

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8
Q

Give an example of a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)

A

Abacavir

Lamivudine

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9
Q

Give an example of a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)

A

Efavirenz for >3 yrs old

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10
Q

Name a protease inhibitor

A

Kaletra for <3yrs

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11
Q

What prophylaxis do HIV patient get?

A

Co-trimoxazole

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12
Q

What investigations do you do if you suspect TB?

A

Acid-fast bacilliInterferon-Gamma release assays
Chest X-ray
Mantoux

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13
Q

What is the treatment for TB?

A

For 2 months:

Isoniazid
Rifampicin
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

For further 4 months:

Rifampicin
Isoniazid

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14
Q

What investigations should you do for malaria?

A

Blood film for microscopy or rapid diagnostic test

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15
Q

What is the treatment for malaria?

A

Artemisinin based comination therapy for 3 days (ACT)

For severe - IV/IM Artesunate

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16
Q

What levels on the centile chart show overweight and obese?

A

91st centile = overweight

98th centile = obese

17
Q

What are some endocrine causes of childhood obesity?

A 
Hypothyroidism
Growth hormone insufficiency
Hypopituitarism
Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
Hypogonadism
Excessive corticosteroid administration
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Craniopharyngioma
18
Q

What are some inheritable disorders that cause childhood obesity?

A

Down’s syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome
Duchennes muscular dystrophy
Fragile X

19
Q

How many hours of physical activity should a child under 3 have per day?

A

3hrs

20
Q

How many hours of physical activity should a child have per day?

A

1hr

21
Q

Can anti-obesity drugs be prescribed for adolescents?

A

If severely overweight yes

Orlistat

22
Q

What is the max screen time for a child?

A

2hrs

Year 2 Child health (10 decks)

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