General

Question 1

At what times after birth is the APGAR test performed?

Answer 1

scores are measured at 1 minute and 5 minutes

Question 2

What APGAR score is desired?

Answer 2

> 7

Question 3

What happens if the APGAR score is less than desired?

Answer 3

the scoring continues every 5 minutes until a score of 7 is reached or the infant has reached 20 minutes of life

Question 4

What are the components of APGAR?

Answer 4

HR, RR, muscle tone, reflex irritability, color

Question 5

What is a normal RR of a newborn? What is a normal HR for a newborn?

Answer 5

40-60; 100-160

Question 6

When does the posterior fontanel close? The anterior fontanel?

Answer 6

Posterior: Gone by 2 months;
Anterior: varies but average age of closure is 14 months-2 years (sunken: dehydration; bulging: increased intracranial pressure)

Question 7

What is caput seccedaneum?

Answer 7

swelling OVER the periosteum and thus WILL CROSS SUTURES; happens as a result of birth trauma

Question 8

What is cephalohematoma?

Answer 8

Bleeding UNDER the periosteum that will NOT cross sutures

Question 9

Describe the breast feeding regimen of a newborn

Answer 9

5 minutes per breast at each feeding the first day, 10 minutes on each side at each feeding the second day. 10-15 minutes thereafter.

Question 10

What is the benefit of the infant continuing to suck on the breast even if the milk is gone?

Answer 10

it promotes further milk production, ensures breast emptying and satisfies the infant’s sucking

Question 11

True or false: sucking should begin on the same time every feeding

Answer 11

false! alternate sides on which feeding is commenced

Question 12

How many hours apart are feedings?

Answer 12

usually 2-3 hrs but 4-5 at night

Question 13

How long should a baby be breastfed?

Answer 13

at least six months but can ideally continue until 12 months

Question 14

When can fruit juice be introduced? How much is appropriate?

Answer 14

after six months but it’s not an essential part of the infant diet and should be no more than 4 oz

Question 15

Why should an infant not be allowed to feed in his/her crib at night or during nap?

Answer 15

leads to tooth erosion is infant falls asleep with bottle in its mouth

Question 16

When can solids be introduced? What is introduced first?

Answer 16

4-6 months of age; vegetables are introduced first; introduce one food at a time; present by 28 weeks

Question 17

what solid foods should be avoided when first introducing food?

Answer 17

raw honey, nuts, fish, multi-fruits (strawberries, blackberries), no RAW greens until after 1 years old

Question 18

What is the asymmetric tonic neck reflex?

Answer 18

This is the “fencing” pose where you turn the baby’s head to one side and the arm and leg of that side extend which the arm/leg of the other side flex. This goes away by 8 months

Question 19

What is the rooting reflex?

Answer 19

Baby turns head to the side of facial stimulus; gone by 3-4 months

Question 20

When will Babinski sign go away?

Answer 20

12-24 months; after two years could be a sign of underlying neuro disorder; it can also trigger a plantar grasp when stimulated but this is a normal variation

Question 21

When is the palmar grasp evident?

Answer 21

by 28 weeks; gone by 4 months

Question 22

Describe moro reflex

Answer 22

Hold the infant supine and allow head to drop 1-2 cm suddenly; gone by 3 months