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PEDS > Disease States > Flashcards

Disease States Flashcards

1
Q

Koplik spots, coryza, cough, conjunctivitis

A

measles (rubeola)

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2
Q

How does the rash in measles spread?

A

hairlines to trunk then extremities

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3
Q

What are complications of measles?

A

respiratory complications; leukocytosis or fever that persists after the 3rd/4th day of rash; encephalitis, subacute scleorsing panencephalitis (measles of the brain years later)

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4
Q

Maculopapular rash beginning on face and spreading to whole body; “slap cheek” appearance

A

german measles (Rubella)

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5
Q

“blueberry muffin” rash at birth

A

rubella (german measles)

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6
Q

When do you vaccinate for rubella?

A

12 months

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7
Q

Widely spread red macules and papules concentrated on face and trunk progressing to pustules

A

varicella (chickenpox)

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8
Q

When do you vaccinate for varicella?

A

12 months

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9
Q

complications of varicella

A

skin infections, sepsis

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10
Q

Rose-pink maculopapular rash that appear when fever subsides

A

roseola infantum (exanthema subitum)

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11
Q

papulovesicles on the tonsillar pillars, uvula and soft palate that progress to erosions; occurs in the summer

A

herpangina

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12
Q

What causes herpangina?

A

coxsackie virus

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13
Q

How do you treat herpangina?

A

antihistamine mouthwash, pain management; this is a self-limiting illness!

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14
Q

Fever, rash, “slapped cheek” appearance followed by full body rash

A

erythema infectiosum (5th disease)

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15
Q

What causes erythema infectiosum?

A

HPV

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16
Q

Where does the rash spread to in erythema infectiosum after the face?

A

proximal extensor surfaces ; “lace-like” pattern

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17
Q

Erythema infectiosum complications

A

arthritis, hemolytic anemia, neuro syndromes, hepatitis, mycarditis

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18
Q

True of false: candida is very common in the first weeks of life and may last weeks despite topical therapy

A

true

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19
Q

true or false: candida in older children is unusual unless they have been recently treated with abx

A

true

20
Q

What are some causes of thrush in children?

A

inhaled steroids for asthma; breast feeding

21
Q

What disease is known for a Herald Patch and what is it?

A

pityriasis rosea; herald patch is the first and largest lesion and usually precedes general eruption by 1-2 weeks

22
Q

This disease is associated with parotid gland swelling

A

mumps

23
Q

What are some associated features of mumps?

A

aspectic meningitis, pancreatitis, orchitis, oophoritis

24
Q

What is the drug of choice for pertussis?

A

azithromycin but is only beneficial is given early in the infection

25
Q

Characterized as a mild cough with coryza but without fever in prodromal phase

A

pertussis

26
Q

Leukocytosis with absolute lymphocytosis

A

pertussis

27
Q

How do you diagnosis whopping cough?

A

diagnosis confirmed via PCR or nasopharyngeal secretions

28
Q

What is the most serious complication of pertussis?

A

bronchopneumonia d/t super-infection

29
Q

When is the booster vaccine DTAP given?

A

between ages 11-18

30
Q

When do you get a stool culture in a child with diarrhea?

A

if the stool is positive for leukocytes or blood, if diarrhea persists more than one week or if the pt is immunocompromised

31
Q

What bacteria that causes gastroenteritis can also lead to hemolytic-uremic syndrome?

A

E. coli 0157:h7

32
Q

This drug is contraindicated in the treatment of mononucleosis

A

amoxicillin

33
Q

What are some complications of strep throat?

A

rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, scarlet fever

34
Q

What is the treatment of choice for strep throat?

A

10-day course of oral penicillin V

35
Q

Who is most at risk for getting meningitis?

A

infants and young adults (18 years old)

36
Q

describe the headache typical of meningitis

A

continuous, throbbing and more prominent over the occiput; pain increased with jugular vein compression

37
Q

Preferred initial treatment for meningitis

A

vancomycin and cefotaxime

38
Q

What is the chemoprophylaxis for those in contact with meningitis?

A

rifampin (may stain body secretions orange)

39
Q

First line treatment for otitis media

A

amoxicillin

40
Q

What do you give when patient fails to improve after giving amoxicillin?

A

amoxicillin clavulanate

41
Q

True or false: passive smoking can increase risk of otitis media

A

true

42
Q

Causes encephalopathy and liver dysfunction -seems to follow febrile child being given ASA when they have a concurrent viral infection

A

Reye syndrome

43
Q

True or false: uncircumsized boys younger than 3 months have more UTIs than girls

A

true!

44
Q

Treatment for uncomplicated cystitis

A

trimethoprim-sulfa, amoxicillin

45
Q

UTI follow-up

A

children with UTI should be followed with screening UA 1 and 2 months post infection

PEDS (9 decks)

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