Disease States

Question 1

Koplik spots, coryza, cough, conjunctivitis

Answer 1

measles (rubeola)

Question 2

How does the rash in measles spread?

Answer 2

hairlines to trunk then extremities

Question 3

What are complications of measles?

Answer 3

respiratory complications; leukocytosis or fever that persists after the 3rd/4th day of rash; encephalitis, subacute scleorsing panencephalitis (measles of the brain years later)

Question 4

Maculopapular rash beginning on face and spreading to whole body; “slap cheek” appearance

Answer 4

german measles (Rubella)

Question 5

“blueberry muffin” rash at birth

Answer 5

rubella (german measles)

Question 6

When do you vaccinate for rubella?

Answer 6

12 months

Question 7

Widely spread red macules and papules concentrated on face and trunk progressing to pustules

Answer 7

varicella (chickenpox)

Question 8

When do you vaccinate for varicella?

Answer 8

12 months

Question 9

complications of varicella

Answer 9

skin infections, sepsis

Question 10

Rose-pink maculopapular rash that appear when fever subsides

Answer 10

roseola infantum (exanthema subitum)

Question 11

papulovesicles on the tonsillar pillars, uvula and soft palate that progress to erosions; occurs in the summer

Answer 11

herpangina

Question 12

What causes herpangina?

Answer 12

coxsackie virus

Question 13

How do you treat herpangina?

Answer 13

antihistamine mouthwash, pain management; this is a self-limiting illness!

Question 14

Fever, rash, “slapped cheek” appearance followed by full body rash

Answer 14

erythema infectiosum (5th disease)

Question 15

What causes erythema infectiosum?

Answer 15

HPV

Question 16

Where does the rash spread to in erythema infectiosum after the face?

Answer 16

proximal extensor surfaces ; “lace-like” pattern

Question 17

Erythema infectiosum complications

Answer 17

arthritis, hemolytic anemia, neuro syndromes, hepatitis, mycarditis

Question 18

True of false: candida is very common in the first weeks of life and may last weeks despite topical therapy

Answer 18

true

Question 19

true or false: candida in older children is unusual unless they have been recently treated with abx

Answer 19

true

Question 20

What are some causes of thrush in children?

Answer 20

inhaled steroids for asthma; breast feeding

Question 21

What disease is known for a Herald Patch and what is it?

Answer 21

pityriasis rosea; herald patch is the first and largest lesion and usually precedes general eruption by 1-2 weeks

Question 22

This disease is associated with parotid gland swelling

Answer 22

mumps

Question 23

What are some associated features of mumps?

Answer 23

aspectic meningitis, pancreatitis, orchitis, oophoritis

Question 24

What is the drug of choice for pertussis?

Answer 24

azithromycin but is only beneficial is given early in the infection

Question 25

Characterized as a mild cough with coryza but without fever in prodromal phase

Answer 25

pertussis

Question 26

Leukocytosis with absolute lymphocytosis

Answer 26

pertussis

Question 27

How do you diagnosis whopping cough?

Answer 27

diagnosis confirmed via PCR or nasopharyngeal secretions

Question 28

What is the most serious complication of pertussis?

Answer 28

bronchopneumonia d/t super-infection

Question 29

When is the booster vaccine DTAP given?

Answer 29

between ages 11-18

Question 30

When do you get a stool culture in a child with diarrhea?

Answer 30

if the stool is positive for leukocytes or blood, if diarrhea persists more than one week or if the pt is immunocompromised

Question 31

What bacteria that causes gastroenteritis can also lead to hemolytic-uremic syndrome?

Answer 31

E. coli 0157:h7

Question 32

This drug is contraindicated in the treatment of mononucleosis

Answer 32

amoxicillin

Question 33

What are some complications of strep throat?

Answer 33

rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, scarlet fever

Question 34

What is the treatment of choice for strep throat?

Answer 34

10-day course of oral penicillin V

Question 35

Who is most at risk for getting meningitis?

Answer 35

infants and young adults (18 years old)

Question 36

describe the headache typical of meningitis

Answer 36

continuous, throbbing and more prominent over the occiput; pain increased with jugular vein compression

Question 37

Preferred initial treatment for meningitis

Answer 37

vancomycin and cefotaxime

Question 38

What is the chemoprophylaxis for those in contact with meningitis?

Answer 38

rifampin (may stain body secretions orange)

Question 39

First line treatment for otitis media

Answer 39

amoxicillin

Question 40

What do you give when patient fails to improve after giving amoxicillin?

Answer 40

amoxicillin clavulanate

Question 41

True or false: passive smoking can increase risk of otitis media

Answer 41

true

Question 42

Causes encephalopathy and liver dysfunction -seems to follow febrile child being given ASA when they have a concurrent viral infection

Answer 42

Reye syndrome

Question 43

True or false: uncircumsized boys younger than 3 months have more UTIs than girls

Answer 43

true!

Question 44

Treatment for uncomplicated cystitis

Answer 44

trimethoprim-sulfa, amoxicillin

Question 45

UTI follow-up

Answer 45

children with UTI should be followed with screening UA 1 and 2 months post infection