General Flashcards
Propositions
- Basic unit of assertion
- claim or declaration
- it’s like “ what do you propose”
- typically expressed in a declarative sentence
- A sentence could contain a single logical proposition or A single sentence could contain multiple propositions
- is a statement in which anything whatsoever is affirmed or denied
A stimuli that contains premises and conclusion is called?
An argument
A stimuli that contains just premises or facts
Belongs to Implication family
Must be true -MBT
Soft must be true ~MBT
must be false - MBF
If a stimuli contains Premises and conclusion a.k.a. an argument
It belongs to characterization family and the operation family
Premise indicators
Premise indicators R For GAMBIAS (given that, after all, because, in addition, as, since)
Conclusion indicators
Conclusion indicators
R
(CATTIISH) Consequently, as a result, therefore, does, it follows that, it’s clear that, so, hence
Assumptions
- claims that are never actually stated
- Assemptions must be true in order for conclusion to be true
- For conclusion to be inferred from premise many arguments require assumption
Step by step approach to break down an argument
- locate the confusion
- Find the relevant premise(s)
- Identify any assumptions in the argument
Valid arguments
Logic is true (relationship between prepositions exists), conclusion follows logically, premises guarantee the truth of the conclusion
Valid argument is airtight, there is no space between premises and conclusion
Argument relies on zero assumption
Invalid arguments
There is no relationship between the propositions
Logic is false And does not guarantee the truth of the conclusion
Conclusion does not follow logically
There is a space / gap between Premises and conclusion (assumptions fill in that space)
LSAT consist mostly of invalid arguments that require to be strengthen, weekend, or identify flaws or help the arguments
Implication family
Determine what logically follows from (or implied by) the statements in the stimulus [up —> down]
Everything in the stimulus is excepted as true
Must be true
Soft must be true
Must be false
Characterization family
Describe an aspect of the stimulus (Take it as it is)
Analyze the stimulus information [🤓]
(8-glasses) Main point, role, describe, Flaw, parallel, parallel flaw, disagree, agree
Operation family
Perform a given action (operation) on the stimulus (do something to the stimulus) [down —> up]
Treat each answers choice as though it were true, The answer choice has the specified effect on the stimulus
Strengthen, weaken, Crux, sufficient, necessary, resolve, explain
Logic games roadmap
Read, build, symbolize, double check, identify randoms, make deductions, scenarios, answer the question
(Trick words) Some
At least one
(Trick words) follows
*Especially in logical reasoning section
Comes after or results
Often on must be true questions, the conclusion that follows could be found by connecting conditional statements. Or, it’s the contrapositive of the original statement.
(Trick words) At least
* Especially within logic game section
Means at that level or beyond
Minimum required
(Trick words) Infer
Means to deduce or conclude (information) from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements
Another way of asking to find confusion (usually) from connected conditional statements or contra positives.
(Trick words) Undermines
Weakens
(Trick words) The only
Indicate sufficient condition
Do not confuse with “only“ which means necessary condition
Remember sufficient —> necessary
Qualifiers
All - everyone or everything (Negative - some are not) (sufficient) most Some some are not - at least one is not or possibly none are ( up to 0%) (non reversible) Most are not None Perhaps Typically Often Somewhat
Prompt
Different poses the question about the information in the stimulus
 Stimulus
This is the argument section
The stimulus contains information that is designed to engage interest
(Logic game) finished consecutively
Means front and back
This will be a block
