Gene Technology

Question 1

Explain what is meant by a vector? (3)

Answer 1

• Carrier of DNA
• Into cell
• By plasmid/virus

Question 2

What is recombinant DNA?

Answer 2

Having 2 or more sources of DNA

Question 3

What are the 5 steps of recombinant DNA technology?

Answer 3

Isolation of genes
Insertion
Transformation
Identification
Growth/Cloning

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

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Question 6

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Question 7

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Question 8

Answer 8

• Restriction endonucleases/enzymes cuts plasmid; OR Restriction endonucleases/enzymes produces ‘sticky ends’;
• Ligase joins gene/DNA and plasmid OR Ligase joins ‘sticky ends’;

** Reject restriction enzymes cuts the gene.*

Question 9

Answer 9

Question 10

How to isolate DNA fragment by reverse transcriptase? (4)

Answer 10

-mRNA is isolated from donor cell
- Add nucleotides + reverse transcriptase to make complimentary DNA
- Add strong alkali (to degrade mRNA strand)
- Add nucleotides + DNA polymerase to produce 2 DNA strand

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Definition of marker gene?

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

Question 14

Definition of primer?

Answer 14

Question 15

Formula to calculate no. of DNA strands after x cycles

Answer 15

Question 16

Formula to calculate no. of cycles from the no. of DNA strands?

Answer 16

Question 17

Difference between ‘in vivo’ and ‘in vitro’ cloning?

Answer 17

‘In vivo’ cloning is via bacteria + ‘in vitro’ is via PCR

Question 18

Benefits of recombinant DNA technology? (4)

Answer 18

• Develop medical applications
• Develop agricultural applications
• Better understanding of biological processes
• Design new + improved existing industrial processes

Question 19

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Question 20

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Question 21

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Question 22

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Question 23

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Question 24

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Question 25

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Question 26

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Question 27

Answer 27