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BIO 101 > Gene Regulation (4) > Flashcards

Gene Regulation (4) Flashcards

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1
Q

Operon is a set of (in prokaryotes)

A

Coordinated regulatory and structural genes that function as a unit.

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2
Q

What is the primary role of transcription factors in eukaryotic gene regulation?

A

Transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of genes.

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3
Q

True or False: Eukaryotic gene regulation occurs only at the transcriptional level.

A

False

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template is called __________.

A

transcription

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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of eukaryotic gene regulation? A) Chromatin remodeling B) RNA splicing C) Protein degradation D) DNA replication

A

D) DNA replication

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6
Q

Short answer: What is the function of enhancers in eukaryotic gene regulation?

A

Enhancers are DNA elements that increase the likelihood of transcription of a particular gene.

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7
Q

What is the primary difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin?

A

Heterochromatin is densely packed and transcriptionally inactive, while euchromatin is loosely packed and transcriptionally active.

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8
Q

True or False: Heterochromatin is typically found at the nuclear periphery.

A

True

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: Euchromatin is associated with _____ activity.

A

gene

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10
Q

Which type of chromatin is more abundant in actively dividing cells?

A

Euchromatin

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11
Q

What is a characteristic feature of heterochromatin?

A

It is rich in repetitive sequences and often found in regions like centromeres and telomeres.

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12
Q

What is a Barr Body?

A

A Barr Body is an inactivated X chromosome found in the cells of female mammals.

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13
Q

True or False: Barr Bodies are present in male mammals.

A

False

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14
Q

Fill in the blank: In humans, females typically have _____ Barr Bodies.

A

one

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15
Q

Which process leads to the formation of Barr Bodies?

A

X-inactivation

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16
Q

Multiple Choice: What is the primary function of a Barr Body?

A

To equalize gene dosage between males and females.

17
Q

What is the basic unit of DNA packaging?

A

Nucleosome

18
Q

True or False: Transcription factors are proteins that help regulate gene expression.

A

True

19
Q

Fill in the blank: DNA is wrapped around histone proteins to form ________.

A

Nucleosomes

20
Q

Which level of DNA packaging is characterized by the formation of a 30 nm fiber?

A

Chromatin

21
Q

What role do enhancers play in transcription control?

A

Enhancers increase the likelihood of transcription of a particular gene.

22
Q

What is posttranscriptional control?

A

Posttranscriptional control refers to the regulation of gene expression at the RNA level, influencing the stability, processing, and translation of mRNA.

23
Q

True or False: mRNA splicing is a form of posttranscriptional control.

A

True

24
Q

Fill in the blank: The addition of a _____ cap and a poly-A tail to mRNA is essential for its stability and translation.

A

5’ methylguanylate

25
Q

What role do RNA-binding proteins play in posttranscriptional control?

A

RNA-binding proteins interact with mRNA to regulate its stability, localization, and translation.

26
Q

Which process involves the degradation of mRNA molecules as a method of posttranscriptional control?

A

mRNA decay

27
Q

What is the primary role of cytoplasmic regulation in eukaryotic cells?

A

To control the concentration of various molecules and proteins that influence cellular processes.

28
Q

True or False: Cytoplasmic levels of proteins can affect gene expression.

A

True

29
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ in eukaryotic cells is responsible for the degradation of unneeded or damaged proteins.

A

proteasome

30
Q

Which of the following is a common mechanism of regulating cytoplasmic levels in eukaryotic cells? (A) Transcriptional regulation (B) Post-translational modification (C) RNA splicing (D) All of the above

A

B) Post-translational modification

31
Q

What is one consequence of dysregulation of cytoplasmic levels in eukaryotic cells?

A

It can lead to diseases such as cancer or neurodegenerative disorders.

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