Gene Regulation (4)

Question 1

Operon is a set of (in prokaryotes)

Answer 1

Coordinated regulatory and structural genes that function as a unit.

Question 2

What is the primary role of transcription factors in eukaryotic gene regulation?

Answer 2

Transcription factors bind to specific DNA sequences to regulate the transcription of genes.

Question 3

True or False: Eukaryotic gene regulation occurs only at the transcriptional level.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The process by which RNA is synthesized from a DNA template is called __________.

Answer 4

transcription

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of eukaryotic gene regulation? A) Chromatin remodeling B) RNA splicing C) Protein degradation D) DNA replication

Answer 5

D) DNA replication

Question 6

Short answer: What is the function of enhancers in eukaryotic gene regulation?

Answer 6

Enhancers are DNA elements that increase the likelihood of transcription of a particular gene.

Question 7

What is the primary difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin?

Answer 7

Heterochromatin is densely packed and transcriptionally inactive, while euchromatin is loosely packed and transcriptionally active.

Question 8

True or False: Heterochromatin is typically found at the nuclear periphery.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Fill in the blank: Euchromatin is associated with _____ activity.

Answer 9

gene

Question 10

Which type of chromatin is more abundant in actively dividing cells?

Answer 10

Euchromatin

Question 11

What is a characteristic feature of heterochromatin?

Answer 11

It is rich in repetitive sequences and often found in regions like centromeres and telomeres.

Question 12

What is a Barr Body?

Answer 12

A Barr Body is an inactivated X chromosome found in the cells of female mammals.

Question 13

True or False: Barr Bodies are present in male mammals.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Fill in the blank: In humans, females typically have _____ Barr Bodies.

Answer 14

one

Question 15

Which process leads to the formation of Barr Bodies?

Answer 15

X-inactivation

Question 16

Multiple Choice: What is the primary function of a Barr Body?

Answer 16

To equalize gene dosage between males and females.

Question 17

What is the basic unit of DNA packaging?

Answer 17

Nucleosome

Question 18

True or False: Transcription factors are proteins that help regulate gene expression.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Fill in the blank: DNA is wrapped around histone proteins to form ________.

Answer 19

Nucleosomes

Question 20

Which level of DNA packaging is characterized by the formation of a 30 nm fiber?

Answer 20

Chromatin

Question 21

What role do enhancers play in transcription control?

Answer 21

Enhancers increase the likelihood of transcription of a particular gene.

Question 22

What is posttranscriptional control?

Answer 22

Posttranscriptional control refers to the regulation of gene expression at the RNA level, influencing the stability, processing, and translation of mRNA.

Question 23

True or False: mRNA splicing is a form of posttranscriptional control.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The addition of a _____ cap and a poly-A tail to mRNA is essential for its stability and translation.

Answer 24

5’ methylguanylate

Question 25

What role do RNA-binding proteins play in posttranscriptional control?

Answer 25

RNA-binding proteins interact with mRNA to regulate its stability, localization, and translation.

Question 26

Which process involves the degradation of mRNA molecules as a method of posttranscriptional control?

Answer 26

mRNA decay

Question 27

What is the primary role of cytoplasmic regulation in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 27

To control the concentration of various molecules and proteins that influence cellular processes.

Question 28

True or False: Cytoplasmic levels of proteins can affect gene expression.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The __________ in eukaryotic cells is responsible for the degradation of unneeded or damaged proteins.

Answer 29

proteasome

Question 30

Which of the following is a common mechanism of regulating cytoplasmic levels in eukaryotic cells? (A) Transcriptional regulation (B) Post-translational modification (C) RNA splicing (D) All of the above

Answer 30

B) Post-translational modification

Question 31

What is one consequence of dysregulation of cytoplasmic levels in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 31

It can lead to diseases such as cancer or neurodegenerative disorders.