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BIO 101 > DNA structure > Flashcards

DNA structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.

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2
Q

Which nitrogenous base pairs with Adenine in DNA?

A

Thymine.

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3
Q

True or False: Cytosine pairs with Uracil in DNA.

A

False.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: In DNA, Guanine pairs with ______.

A

Cytosine.

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5
Q

Who is known for Chargaff’s rules?

A

Erwin Chargaff.

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6
Q

What does Chargaff’s first rule state?

A

The amount of Adenine equals the amount of Thymine, and the amount of Cytosine equals the amount of Guanine.

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base in DNA? A) Adenine B) Uracil C) Thymine D) Cytosine

A

B) Uracil.

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8
Q

What type of bond connects nitrogenous bases in DNA?

A

Hydrogen bonds.

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9
Q

True or False: DNA is a double helix structure.

A

True.

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10
Q

What is the role of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

A

They encode genetic information.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: The complementary base pairing in DNA involves ______ with ______.

A

Adenine with Thymine and Guanine with Cytosine.

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12
Q

Short Answer: What is the significance of Chargaff’s rules in molecular biology?

A

They helped establish the base pairing rules which are fundamental for DNA structure and replication.

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not in DNA? A) Adenine B) Thymine C) Uracil D) Cytosine

A

C) Uracil.

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14
Q

What two components make up the backbone of a DNA molecule?

A

Sugar and phosphate.

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15
Q

True or False: Erwin Chargaff discovered the structure of DNA.

A

False.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: Chargaff’s second rule states that the amount of ______ is not necessarily equal to the amount of ______.

A

Adenine; Cytosine.

17
Q

Short Answer: What is the significance of the double helix structure of DNA?

A

It allows for the compact storage of genetic information and facilitates replication.

18
Q

What are purines and pyrimidines in the context of DNA?

A

Purines are Adenine and Guanine; Pyrimidines are Cytosine and Thymine.

19
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following bases is a pyrimidine? A) Adenine B) Guanine C) Cytosine D) Both B and C

A

C) Cytosine.

20
Q

What is the primary function of DNA?

A

To store and transmit genetic information.

21
Q

True or False: The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

A

True.

22
Q

Fill in the blank: The Watson-Crick model of DNA was based on Chargaff’s ______.

A

Rules.

23
Q

Short Answer: How did Chargaff’s observations contribute to the discovery of the DNA structure?

A

They provided critical evidence for the complementary base pairing that underlies the double helix structure.

24
Q

What is the difference between ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

A

RNA contains ribose sugar and uracil instead of thymine, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and thymine.

25
Q

Multiple Choice: Which base is paired with Cytosine in DNA? A) Adenine B) Thymine C) Guanine D) Uracil

A

C) Guanine.

26
Q

Who is Rosalind Franklin?

A

Rosalind Franklin was a British chemist and X-ray crystallographer whose work was crucial in understanding the molecular structures of DNA.

27
Q

True or False: Rosalind Franklin’s X-ray diffraction images were key to discovering the double helix structure of DNA.

A

True

28
Q

Fill in the blank: Rosalind Franklin’s famous photograph of DNA is known as Photo _____.

A

51

29
Q

What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to analyze the structure of DNA?

A

X-ray crystallography

30
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following contributions is Rosalind Franklin most known for? A) Discovering penicillin B) Developing the polio vaccine C) X-ray diffraction images of DNA D) The theory of relativity

A

C) X-ray diffraction images of DNA

31
Q

Chargraff’s Rules

A

A=T, C = G %

32
Q

James Watson and Frances Crick

A

No actual DNA experiments, realized DNA Structure was a helix from Franklin’s photographs and created metal model and won Nobel prize 1962

33
Q

What are the four nucleotide bases in DNA?

A

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

34
Q

True or False: In DNA, adenine pairs with cytosine.

A

False. Adenine pairs with thymine.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The base pairing rule states that ______ pairs with thymine and ______ pairs with guanine.

A

adenine; cytosine

36
Q

Which of the following pairs are complementary in DNA? A) A-T, B) C-G, C) A-C, D) Both A and B.

A

D) Both A and B.

37
Q

What type of bond holds the complementary base pairs together in DNA?

A

Hydrogen bonds.

BIO 101 (6 decks)

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