gene expression Flashcards

1
Q

what is gene expression?

A

Gene expression is creating proteins by using the code from 1 gene.

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2
Q

describe 3 differences between DNA and RNA

A

DNA: double stranded, thymine, deoxyribose sugar
mRNA: single stranded, uracil, ribose sugar

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3
Q

what is the function of mRNA?

A

it carries a complimentary copy of a genes code to a ribosome for translation

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4
Q

what is a triplet of based on an mRNA called?

A

codon

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5
Q

state 4 things that are required for DNA transcription?

A

1) template strand
2) free RNA nucleotides
3) RNA polymerase
4) start and stop codon

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6
Q

name stage 2 of gene expression

A

translation

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7
Q

what term is given to the triplet of bases on a tRNA molecule?

A

anticodon

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8
Q

where does “splicing” occur?

A

in the nucleus

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9
Q

where does protein synthesis occur

A

the ribosome

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10
Q

name the type of bond which binds neighbouring amino acids together.

A

peptide bonds

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11
Q

what term is given to a chain of amino acids

A

polypeptide chain

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12
Q

describe how the chain of amino acids are held in their 3 dimensional shape and explain the importance of this shape

A

they are held together by hydrogen bonds and other interactions
importance=for functioning

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13
Q

why are the order of bases so important?

A

the order of bases determines the order of aa’s (amino acids) and protein made

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14
Q

name the 3 types of RNA

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

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15
Q

what is transcription?

A

when mRNA is made using 1 gene on a DNA strand, mRNA then carries this code from the RNA (in nucleus) to the ribosome (in cytoplasm)

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16
Q

what base (nucleotide) does uracil replace?

A

adenine

17
Q

what does the primary transcription (mRNA) contain?

A

introns and exons

18
Q

give some info on introns

A

non coding regions (insignificant), gets removed

19
Q

give some info on exons

A

coding region, kept. due to introns being removed, the exons are spliced together.

20
Q

what happens to the transcription when the introns are removed?

A

it becomes a mature transcript

21
Q

give 3 points of alternative RNA splicing

A
  • one gene, many proteins
  • different proteins can be expressed from 1 gene as a result of alternative RNA splicing.
  • different mature mRNA transcripts are produced depending on which exons are retained.
22
Q

where does splicing occur

A

in the nucleus

23
Q

where does protein synthesis occur

A

ribosome