Gendered Violence Flashcards
James Gilligan: The Code of Shame says
Men engage in violent criminal behaviour to avoid shame
Structural disadvantage influences male violent crime.Explain
In general, the most violent males are those who are the most disadvantaged and structural disadvantage is also associated with female violent crimes but has a greater impact on men.
Heimer and De Coster (1999) says that gender gap in violent crime is the result of…
…structural positions and cultural processes, including social learning
Role convergence theory (why women’s crime rates are rising)
As the work roles of women become similar to those of men, so will their involvement in crime.
Adler (1975)
linked influence of women’s movement to increasing female criminality
Simon (1975)
increased employment opportunities for women will increase crime opportunities (e.g., embezzlement from employers)
Women’s Liberation Thesis states that female criminality more closely resembles men’s as gender differences are…
…diminished by women’s greater participation in the workforce.
James Messerschmitt’s theory of gendered crime focused on how men live up to gender ideals of “behaving as men” therefore…
…hegemonic masculinity sensitizes us to the concept that a particular form of masculinity is culturally glorified.
Regarding Hegemony and violence, Connell (2000) focuses on understanding…
…the relationship between domination, power, and crime
Physical and psychological violence are cornerstones for masculinity and the prison system represents
the most masculine sphere. While it is a loss of power it also carries masculine images
James Messerschmidt is concerned with the intersections of gender, class, and race in terms of
the social constructions and the relationship with crime.
(think of the different between a man on the street, a pimp, white corporate executives)
Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life
United Nations definition of violence against women
Types of intimate partner violence (7)
- Physical abuse
- Sexual abuse
- Emotional or verbal abuse
- Financial abuse
- Spiritual abuse
- Criminal
- Harassment/stalking
Peralta and Tuttle (2013)
investigated the impact of economic stress on intimate partner violence. They found that indicators such as……low annual income, low levels of employment, and low levels of formal education are associated with IPV
Corbally (2015) looked at the ways men who experienced IPV from their female partners speak about their experiences. Three things were highlighted of the narratives the men spoke:
- exceptional fatherhood
- good husband
- abuse narrative (she’s just crazy)
women speak about IPV like its their fault versus men who don’t find fault.